Chuletas y apuntes de Inglés de Universidad

Unidad ListaEst2: Implementación de una Lista Estática en Pascal

La unidad ListaEst2 implementa una lista enlazada estática mediante un array de nodos, sin utilizar punteros dinámicos. Usa el TAD ElemTAD para los elementos almacenados.

Declaraciones

unit ListaEst2;
interface
uses ElemTAD;
const
N = 10;
INICIO = 1;
type
TNodo = record
info: TElemento;
sig: 0..N;
end;
TAlmacen = array [INICIO..N] of TNodo;
TListaEst = record
almacen: TAlmacen;
cabLib, cabOcu: 0..N;
end;

implementation

Procedimiento CrearVacia

Inicializa la lista: enlaza todas las posiciones como lista libre, marca la lista ocupada como vacía (cabOcu = 0) y establece la primera posición libre en cabLib = 1.

PROCEDURE CrearVacia(VAR l: TListaEst);
VAR
i: INICIO..N;
BEGIN
FOR i := INICIO TO N-1 DO
l....

UNIT 3: THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

This system carries nutrients and oxygen to all the tissues of the body, removes the waste products of metabolism, carries hormones from endocrine glands to their target organs and equalizes body temperature. (B.2.) It includes the heart, the blood and lymph vessels, in addition to the blood, lymph and tissue (extracellular) fluid.

Blood Vessels

Arteries carry blood from the heart to the tissues, whereas veins carry blood from the tissues to the heart.

Capillaries, the finest vessels, run through the tissues. Their endothelial wall consists of a single layer of cells to permit the exchange of gases, nutrients and wastes by simple diffusion.

Arteries are successively coated by fibrous, smooth, elastic and endothelial...

Implantología

Necesidad de reemplazar y reconstruir los dientes y parte del hueso

• Función: Los implantes dentales ofrecen resultados predecibles y duraderos en la sustitución dental, preservando la estructura dental natural de los dientes adyacentes.

• Definición: Estructura biocompatible de origen no biológico que se ubica dentro del tejido y sirve como reemplazo de algún tejido u órgano del cuerpo humano.

• Clasificación:

Subperióstico: Los implantes subperiósticos (sobre el hueso) consisten en una amplia estructura metálica colocada sobre la mandíbula, debajo del tejido gingival, con postes metálicos que sobresalen a través de las encías para el montaje de las restauraciones, tomando previamente una impresión del hueso. Este tipo...

Consonantes

La producción de consonantes implica algún tipo de obstrucción de la corriente de aire en el tracto vocal. La clasificación de las consonantes se realiza según seis criterios (aunque en este caso solo tendremos en cuenta los tres primeros):

• Punto de articulación: ¿dónde se produce la obstrucción? (lugar de la obstrucción).
• Modo de articulación: ¿qué tipo de obstrucción se produce? (tipo de obstrucción).
• Estado de la glotis o sonoridad: ¿vibran las cuerdas vocales o no? (vibración de las cuerdas vocales, sonoridad).
• Fuente de la corriente de aire: si procede de los pulmones (pulmónica) o de otra fuente (no pulmónica).
• Dirección de la corriente de aire: si se mueve hacia fuera (egresiva) o hacia dentro (ingresiva).
• Posición

THE MID-ATLANTIC REGION

1. What important cities can be found in the Mid-Atlantic region?

We can find two important cities, New York and Washington D.C.

2. What can be said about the population of the Mid-Atlantic region?

The Mid-Atlantic region is densely populated.

3. Who wrote the story of Rip Van Winkle?

The story of Rip Van Winkle was written by Washington Irving.

4. Who did the Hudson River inspire?

The Hudson River inspired writers and the first group of American painters.

5. Why was the Hudson River important?

The Hudson River was important because it was a port and the main link between the East of the U.S. and the Midwest.

6. Where can you see the Niagara Falls from?

Niagara Falls can be seen from either the American side or the Canadian side....

The Test

Charlie was a ¹⁾student at the University of Indiana. He studied hard, and often went to the ²⁾ library to read books. One day he found a book of poems. Its pages were ³⁾torn, and in the white spaces by the poems there were notes written in ⁴⁾pencil. Charlie ⁵⁾enjoyed reading the poems, but more than anything, he enjoyed reading the notes written in ⁶⁾pencil by the poems. The person who wrote them seemed very ⁷⁾smart, and the writing was perfect. Charlie ⁸⁾wished he knew the person; even just to see what the person looked like. He ⁹⁾imagined the person to be very ¹⁰⁾good-looking, just like the writing. Then one day, on one of the last pages of the book, Charlie found a note with a name under it. The name was "Stella Richardson." "Maybe...

Textos de inglés de negocios

Texto 2

On the other hand, there are the entrepreneurs who are gifted at turning smart ideas into business and who have founded a number of advanced startups once their businesses are able to grow. Their talent lies in combining ideas, people and finance.

Another form of business is entering new markets. If a company tries to establish itself in a new market, it could suffer enormous losses before earning profits from its investment. It is important to have a local partner who knows the market and who is willing to invest in a joint venture.

Multinational companies are more visible, but the heart of most national economies is made up of smaller organizations. Many countries refer to these as SMEs (Small and Medium...

Corrección de textos en inglés: cartas, ensayos y reseña

1. Carta de solicitud (Application letter)

To: ...
From: ...
Subject: ...

Dear Sir/Madam,

I am writing to apply for the post of ... advertised in ...

I am a final-year student at the University of León, where I am studying for a degree in Education. I have a high level of spoken English, as I completed my practicum at Stranmillis College, Belfast, for three months at St Michael's School.

As you will see from my CV, I have some relevant experience, as I have worked for the last two years at a fast-food company called Pizzamovil. I was in charge of taking pizza orders by telephone and working as a waitress, so I am used to handling money and, on occasion, having to refuse entry to drunk people....

A Toccata of Galuppi's de Robert Browning

Voz

El poema está escrito en tercera persona. Hay tres hablantes diferentes: el científico, Baldassaro (que ha muerto) y un grupo de personas en los carnavales.

Estado de ánimo

Es melancólico y triste, aunque en medio aparecen algunos momentos de alegría.

Resumen

El científico reflexiona sobre la muerte y contempla su propia mortalidad.

Estrofa 11: el científico se refiere a cómo la música de Galuppi suena mientras él resuelve sus problemas científicos.
Estrofa 12: Galuppi le habla a través de la música. Le cuenta al científico la inevitabilidad de la muerte y cómo llegó finalmente a la gente de Venecia.
Estrofa 13: Galuppi sigue hablando con el científico. Se produce una lucha entre la razón...

Preguntas de comprensión lectora

1. Can physical circumstances cause dreams? Explain your answer.

Yes, because dreams can be caused by something affecting your body. For example, if your bedclothes become twisted around your neck, you might dream that you are being strangled.

2. What is Freud’s theory about people unable to express their secret wishes?

Freud was the first person to put forward the theory of dreams as “wish-fulfilment”. Everyone has subconscious wishes and fears of which their possessor isn’t consciously aware.

Verdadero o falso

• a) Freud said that dreaming is good for us. T (17-18) Freud took this theory to the point of saying that dreams are essential to our health.

• b) If a person’s friend appears in his dream as an enemy,