Chuletas y apuntes de Inglés de Otros cursos

Key Concepts in English Intonation

Intonation: The use of melody and the rise and fall of the voice when speaking. The correct use of intonation is necessary to convey your message accurately and make you sound like a native English speaker.

Pitch Patterns in Sentences

Phrases ending with a falling pitch:

1. Declarative sentences.
2. Questions that require more than a yes/no response (including wh- questions).

Phrases ending with a rising pitch:

1. Questions that ask for a yes/no response (including auxiliary verbs such as can, do, will, may, and is).
2. Statements that express doubt or uncertainty.

Conveying Certainty

Sounding confident instead of uncertain:

• Falling pitch: Should be used at the end of declarative sentences to convey certainty.
• Upward (rising) pitch:

Cyberbullying: Good Morning

Good morning. I’ve been asked to talk about cyberbullying. To start with, I want to underline that this is a highly discussed and controversial topic nowadays. I consider that it is crucial to define what is understood by cyberbullying.

What Is Cyberbullying?

It is a form of bullying done online through social networking sites, emails, or another form of online communication. When bullying someone online, a person may use mean or offensive language toward another person, which results in feelings getting hurt. This act is common among teens and youths who communicate with each other online. It is an act that is currently growing, with different results. Some people have been so hurt by comments made to them by their...

Vocabulary (Vocabulario)

Exercise 1: Word Formation and Core Words

1. construction
2. expensive
3. delightful
4. sensible
5. appearance
6. lost

Exercise 2: Idioms and Phrasal Verbs

1. see eye to eye
2. the sky's the limit
3. brought up
4. broke down
5. start out
6. set
7. common sense
8. goes in one ear and out the other
9. bringing
10. a breath of fresh air

Exercise 3: Verbs in Context

1. raised
2. approached
3. turned out
4. flee

Grammar (Gramática)

Exercise 1: Relative Pronouns and Clauses

1. ...Grant, who is...
2. ...man about whom [we were] talking...
3. ...Thursday, when [they are] arriving...
4. ...tour that...
5. This phone, which doesn't have a camera, is the cheapest one.

Exercise 2: Sentence Correction (Relative Clauses and Accuracy)

1. ...dog, which we don't recommend, can be aggressive.
2. I still remember the songs which my grandmother used

1. Formulación de Preguntas (What is the question?)

Con verbo de acción en Present Simple (produce, need, work):
Fórmula: Wh- + DOES / DO + Sujeto + Verbo base?
Ejemplo: What does the company produce? / What does the supplier need?

Con ubicación o estado (verbo TO BE / located):
Fórmula: Where + IS / ARE + Sujeto (+ located)?
Ejemplo: Where is the main office? / Where is the factory located?

Con acciones que ocurren AHORA (Present Continuous):
Fórmula: ARE / IS + Sujeto + Verbo-ING...?
Ejemplo: Are they exporting to Peru now?

Con respuestas que empiezan con "Because...":
Fórmula: Empieza siempre la pregunta con WHY...

2. Reglas de Negación (Change to negative)

Present Simple: Sujeto + don't / doesn't + Verbo base (sin -s).
Ejemplo: The company produces...

Sistema de fitxers MFS: codi C corregit

A continuació es presenta el codi en llenguatge C d'un sistema de fitxers simple (MFS), amb les funcions per a la creació, lectura i gestió de directoris, inodes i blocs de dades.

Estructura de directori

struct mfs_dir {
int siguiente;
struct disk_inode d;
};

Obertura de directoris: mfs_opendir

MFS_DIR *mfs_opendir(const char *name) {
int i;
int fd = -1;
struct disk_inode ino;
int inodo = namei(fs, &fs->root, name);
if (inodo == -1) return NULL;
if (inode_read(fs, &ino, inodo) != 1) return NULL;
if (ino.is_dir != 1) return NULL;
struct mfs_dir *directorio = malloc(sizeof(struct mfs_dir));
if (directorio == NULL) return NULL;
for (i = 0; i < NUM_FILES; i++) {
if (fs->file[i].num == -1) {
fd = i;
break;
}...

Estrategias de Redacción según el Público

• A. Lay Audience (público general)

  • Función: [Term] is a [Category] designed to [Action]. It essentially acts as a way to [Benefit].

  • Estructura: [Term] is a [Category] that consists of [Parts]. It is used to [Use].

  • Proceso: [Term] is a [Category] that involves [Process]. It is mainly applied to [Result].

• B. Expert / Technical Audience (público experto o técnico)

  • Función: [Term] is a [Technical System] engineered to [Function]. It operates by [Mechanism] to ensure maximum efficiency.

  • Estructura: [Term] is an architecture comprising [Components]. Its functionality is derived from [Principle].

  • Proceso: [Term] is a methodology that relies on [Flow]. The core process is governed by [Standard] to achieve

Vocabulario en inglés: preparar un examen

How to prepare for an exam

• Revise: study information you learned before
• Critical: very important
• Neurons: nerve cells
• Retrieve: get something back
• Distributed practice: repeated testing over a longer period of time
• Cramming: learn lots of information in a short period of time
• Elaborate: add more information
• Conceptual: based on ideas

Vocabulario en inglés: fumadores y prohibiciones

Smokers to face one more ban

• Habit: something you do frequently without even thinking and that is difficult to give up
• Controversy: disagreement expressed in a heated and public way
• Campaigning: working in an organised and active way to achieve an objective
• Second-hand smoke: the smoke from other people's cigarettes
• Asthma: an illness

Vocabulario de Alquiler de Coches

accident: accidente      intermediate car: coche intermedio

automatic car: coche automático      manual car: coche manual

breakdown: avería      park: aparcar

compact car: coche compacto      pick-up point: punto de recogida

driving licence: carné de conducir      puncture: pinchazo

drop-off point: punto de devolución      rent: alquiler

emergency services: servicios de emergencia      run out of petrol: quedarse sin gasolina

identification: identificación      tow truck: grúa

insurance: seguro      unlimited mileage: kilometraje ilimitado

Partes del Coche

bonnet: capó      seat belt: cinturón de seguridad

boot: maletero      steering wheel: volante

gear stick:...

Personajes Principales (Characters)

A continuación se detallan los personajes, sus ocupaciones, características físicas, personalidad y relaciones en la obra:

Vocabulario inglés-español

A continuación encontrarás una lista de vocabulario en inglés con su traducción al español, organizada por temas: robo y delitos, dinero y compras, y expresiones útiles.

1. Robo y delitos

appointment - cita, nombramiento
release - soltar, liberar
back up - respaldar, retroceder
rob - robar
barely - apenas
robber - ladrón
break into - entrar por la fuerza
robbery - robo
bring up - mencionar
run off with - llevarse
con artist - estafador
safeguard - proteger(a)
fake - falsificación
scar - cicatriz
fine - multa
shape - forma
force - obligar
shoplift - robar en una tienda
gaze - mirar fijamente
shoplifter - ladrón de tiendas
get away with - salirse con la suya
shoplifting - robo en una tienda
get caught - ser pillado
steady - firme
give