Reported Speech i Verbs de Reporting en Anglès: Guia Completa amb Exemples

Reported Speech: estil indirecte en anglès

1) Statements

Verbs de reporting: assume (assumir); confirm (confirmar); mention (mencionar); point out (assenyalar); realize (adonar-se); announce (anunciar); report (informar); murmur (murmurar); whisper (xiuxiuejar); consider (considerar); think (thought) (pensar).

a) Temps verbals

• Present Simple (I go home) → Past Simple (she said she went home)
• Present Continuous (I am going home) → Past Continuous (she said she was going home)
• Past Simple (I went home) → Past Perfect (she said she had gone home)
• Present Perfect (I have gone home) → Past Perfect (she said she had gone home)
• Present Perfect Continuous (I have been going home) → Past Perfect Continuous (she said she had been going home)
• Will (I will go home) → Would (she said she would go home)
• Can/may (I can/may swim) → Could/Might (she said she could/might swim)

b) Pronoms i possessius

I / you / he / she / it / we / you / they → My / your / his / her / its / our / your / their.

c) Deictics

• This (aquest) / These (aquests) → That (aquell) / Those (aquells). Exemple: He said: "She is coming this week" → He said that she was coming that week.
• Here (aquí) → There (allà)

d) Expressions de temps

• Today → That day
• Yesterday → The day before / the previous day
• The day before yesterday → Two days before
• Tomorrow → The next day / The following day / The day after
• The day after tomorrow → In two days' time
• Next week/year → The following week/year / the week/year after
• Last week/year → The previous week/year / the week/year before
• A year ago → A year before / the previous year
• Now → Then

Questions en estil indirecte

Verbs: ask (demanar); inquire (preguntar); want to know (vols saber); query (consultar); wonder (preguntar-se); doubt (dubtar).

a) Preguntes sí/no

She asked: "Are you cold?" → She asked if I was cold.

b) Preguntes amb Wh-

He asked, "What are you doing here?" → He asked what he was doing there.

Ordres, comandes, consells i advertiments

a) Verb + Object + To infinitive

Ask (demanar); tell (dir); advise (aconsellar); invite (convidar); warn (advertir); expect (esperar); remind (recordar); force (obligar); persuade (persuadir); order (ordenar); teach (taught) (ensenyar); recommend (recomanar); encourage (encoratjar); allow (permetre); permit (permetre); beg (begged) (suplicar).

b) Verb + To infinitive

Promise (prometre); offer (oferir); threaten (amenaçar); agree (acordar); claim (reclamar); refuse (negar-se); prefer (preferir); afford (permetre's); swear (jurar).

c) Verb + ING

Admit (admetre); confess (confessar); deny (negar); prefer (preferir); suggest (suggerir); miss (trobar a faltar).

d) Verb + preposició + ING

Apologize for (demanar perdó per); insist on (insistir en); congratulate someone on (felicitar algú per); complain about (queixar-se de); accuse someone of (acusar algú de).

Exercicis resolts

1.

• a) "I don't want to go out with you any more" → She told me that she didn't want to go out with me any more.
• b) "She has had some experience working with children since last winter" → She said that she had had some experience working with children since the previous winter.
• c) "Have you got any job vacancies for next summer?" → He asked me if I had any job vacancies for the following summer.
• d) "I worked on a fruit farm last July" → He said that he had worked on a fruit farm the previous July.
• e) "I'm applying for an au-pair job for next academic year" → She said that she was applying for an au-pair job for the following academic year.
• f) "I can't come to the concert next Saturday", she pointed out. → She pointed out that she couldn't come to the concert the following Saturday.
• g) "How much will I earn tomorrow?", she inquired. → She inquired how much she would earn the next day.
• h) "I'm seeing her the day after tomorrow", she said. → She said that she was seeing her in two days' time.
• i) "You stood me up again last night", he said. → He said that she had stood him up again the previous night.
• j) "Did you attend the concert they gave last week?", she inquired. → She inquired if I had attended the concert they had given the previous week.
• k) "My iPod's broken and I only bought it a month ago", said Sophie. → Sophie said that her iPod was broken and that she had only bought it the previous month.
• l) "I saw her the day before yesterday but I haven't seen her now", he said. → He said that he had seen her two days before but he hadn't seen her then.
• m) "Are you going to help me tonight?", he wanted to know. → He wanted to know if I was going to help him that night.

2.

• a) "Write to me next week". My girlfriend asked me to write to her the following week.
• b) "Get rid of the car now". The police officer forced him to get rid of the car then.
• c) "Can you lend me some money?" My brother begged me to lend him some money.
• d) "Don't use your dictionaries". Our teacher advised us not to use our dictionaries.
• e) "Can you sit down?" She invited me to sit down.
• f) "Don't fill in the form". He asked me not to fill in the form.
• g) "Complete this test". She told me to complete that test.
• h) "Don't go near the edge, or you may fall off". He warned him not to go so near the edge because he might fall off.
• i) "Don't forget to bring the camera tomorrow". She reminded me to bring the camera the next day.

3.

• a) "I'll tell the police" → She threatened to tell the police.
• b) "Let's walk on the other side of the road" → She suggested walking on the other side of the road.
• c) "I won't speak to her" → She refused to speak to her.
• d) "I did steal the money" → She admitted having stolen the money.
• e) "I'll never lie (mentir) to you again" → She promised not to lie to me again.
• f) "I wish I still (encara) lived in Madrid" → She missed living in Madrid.
• g) "I haven't enough (suficient) money to buy a new shirt" → She couldn't afford to buy a new shirt.
• h) "I have never cheated in an exam" → She denied cheating in an exam.
• i) "Please, let (permetre) me go out tonight, please!" → She begged me to let her go out that night.