Gerund, infinitiu i expressions útils en anglès: guia de gramàtica

Gerundi i infinitiu

El gerundi s'usa com a subjecte, després de preposicions i amb to be used to + -ing. L'infinitiu s'usa amb want + inf, hope + inf i need + inf.

Connectors temporals

As soon as / until / when + present + future.

Connectors de causa, resultat i contrast

• As a result + sentence.
• As a result of + noun.
• Despite + noun / -ing.
• In spite of / because of / due to / owing to + noun: a causa de.
• Although + frase: encara que.
• Because / even though + sentence.
• Beside: a part de.
• So + sentence: per això.
• In order to / so as to + infinitive.
• However / but / nevertheless + sentence: però.
• Such as: for example.
• Since / as + sentence: ja que.
• Until: fins.
• Before: abans.
• While: mentre.
• Therefore: per tant.

Phrasal verbs

• Come back: tornar.
• Come up with: ocórrer-se, proposar.
• Get in: entrar.
• Get on: pujar a (vehicle), portar-se bé.
• Look forward to: tenir ganes de.
• Look out: tenir cura.
• Take off: despegar, marxar, treure's (roba).
• Take up: ocupar, dedicar-se a.
• Put on: guanyar (pes), posar-se (roba).
• Break down: avariar-se.
• Wrap up: envoltar.
• Use up: gastar.
• Pick up: recollir; agafar.
• Carry out: realitzar.
• Call off: cancel·lar.
• Put off: ajornar.

Formació de paraules

Exemples: harmless, nationality, improvement, offensive, connection, influential, success / successful, promotion, knowledge / knowledgeable, retirement, organise, appearance, worker, relaxation / relaxing, accomplishment / accomplished, recognition / recognisable, guidance / guided, excellence / excellent, enjoyment / enjoyable.

Verbs seguits d'infinitiu, gerundi o objecte

• Promise / agree / refuse / threaten + inf.
• Admit / deny + gerund.
• Remind / warn / persuade + object + inf.
• Suggest / recommend / advice + -ing, o that + base form.
• Advise / order + object + infinitive.
• Wonder + ? / that.

Exercicis de transformació

• He's a silly boy, he shouldn't be moaning all the time (were): I wish he weren't moaning all the time.
• He managed to pass all his exams (succeed): He succeeded in passing all his exams.
• It was wrong for us to leave early (shouldn't): We shouldn't have left early.
• I'm quite sure that's Ellen (must): It must be Ellen.
• Travelling with a pet can cause problems: It isn't easy to travel with a pet.
• I haven't talked to my sister for two weeks: I last talked to my sister two years ago.
• It was my first time abroad: I had never been abroad.
• We managed to finish the project yesterday: We succeeded in finishing the project yesterday.
• I had a quick shower. Then I went out: I went out after I had had a quick shower.
• He said that he wanted to get a promotion.
• Dan is knowledgeable about computers.
• He is looking forward to his retirement.
• She's a very organised person.
• She's too worried about her appearance.
• Eva is a good worker.