Apunts de Gramàtica i Vocabulari en Anglès: Temps Verbals i Condicionals
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Vocabulari en Anglès
Vocabulari 4: Personalitat i Trets
- Mature: maduro
- Sense of humor: sentido del humor
- Clever: inteligente
- Fit: en forma / encajar
- Outgoing: extrovertido / saliente
- Ambitious: ambicioso
- Reliable: confiable
- Punctual: puntual
Vocabulari 5: Societat i Medi Ambient
- Race: carrera / raza
- Pollute: contaminar
- Terror: terror
- Sex: sexo
- Immigrate: inmigrar
- Nutrient: nutriente
- Oil: aceite / petróleo
- Recycle: reciclar
- Damage: daño / dañar
- Improve: mejorar
- Demonstrate: demostrar / manifestarse
- Protect: proteger
Gramàtica Anglesa: Temps Verbals
Present Simple (accions habituals)
S'utilitza per a accions que normalment fas o rutines.
- I, you, we, they: live / don't live
- He, she, it: lives / doesn't live
Past Simple
Verbs Regulars
S'afegeix el sufix -ed a l'infinitiu.
Verbs Irregulars
- be – was / were
- buy – bought
- become – became
- begin – began
- come – came
- drink – drank
- do – did (hacer / hizo)
- eat – ate
- forget – forgot
- fall – fell
- give – gave
- get – got
- go – went
- have – had
- know – knew
- leave – left
- lose – lost
- meet – met
- put – put
- pay – paid
- run – ran
- see – saw
- speak – spoke
- swim – swam
- sing – sang
- take – took
- think – thought
- write – wrote
- wear – wore (participle: worn)
Future Perfect
Will have + participi (habré, habrás, habrá, habremos, habréis, habrán):
- Afirmativa: (Yo) Habré escrito el libro antes del año nuevo. → I will have written the book before the new year.
- Interrogativa: (Tú) ¿Habrás comprado una casa en un año? → Will you have bought a house in a year?
- Negativa: (Él) No habrá escrito la carta. → He will not have written the letter. / No habré ido a New York. → I won't have gone to New York.
Going to have + participi (Voy a...):
- Afirmativa: You are going to have perfected your English by the time you come back from the U.S.
- Interrogativa: Are you going to have perfected your English by the time you come back from the U.S.?
- Negativa: You are not going to have perfected your English by the time you come back from the U.S.
Past Continuous (accions en curs en el passat)
Equival a «estabas haciendo».
- I, he, she, it: was + verb-ing
- You, we, they: were + verb-ing
- Afirmativa: You were studying when she called.
- Interrogativa: Were you studying when she called?
- Negativa: You were not studying when she called.
Present Continuous (accions que passen ara mateix)
Estructura: am / is / are + verb-ing
- Afirmativa: You are watching TV.
- Interrogativa: Are you watching TV?
- Negativa: You are not watching TV.
Have / Has Got (tenir)
- I, we, you, they: have got
- He, she, it: has got
- Afirmativa: I have got a dog. (Tengo un perro.)
- Interrogativa: Have we got friends? (¿Tenemos amigos?)
- Negativa: He hasn't got a hat. (Él no tiene un sombrero.)
Oracions Condicionals en Anglès
First Conditional
Estructura: If + subject + present simple, subject + will + infinitive
Present simple de referència: I/you/we/they live / don't live; He/she/it lives / doesn't live.
Exemples:
- She will be very happy if you phone her.
- If you study, you will pass the exam.
- If she does exercise, she'll be better.
Second Conditional
Estructura: If + subject + past simple, subject + would + infinitive
Exemples:
- If I knew (or didn't know) the answer, I would tell you.
- If I were you, I would call you. (Si yo fuera tú, te llamaría.)
Third Conditional
Estructura: If + subject + past perfect (had + participi), subject + would have + participi
Exemple:
- If I hadn't taken a map, we wouldn't have got lost. (Si yo hubiera cogido un mapa, nosotros no nos habríamos perdido.)