Chuletas y apuntes de Inglés de Bachillerato y Selectividad

Complements de l'oració simple

Subjecte: Concorda en gènere i nombre amb el verb.

Complement Directe (CD): No concorda en gènere i nombre amb el subjecte. Normalment, es pot identificar preguntant "què?" al verb.

Complement Indirecte (CI): Va precedit per les preposicions "a" o "per a". Respon a la pregunta "a qui?" o "per a qui?". No concorda en gènere i nombre amb el subjecte.

Complement Circumstancial (CC): Indica circumstàncies de temps (quan?), lloc (on?), manera (com?), etc. Té mobilitat dins de l'oració i complementa el verb.

Complement de Règim Verbal (CRV): Exigit pel verb, va introduït per una preposició.

Complement Atribut (CAtr): Acompanya els verbs copulatius (ser, estar, semblar) i concorda amb el subjecte.

Complement Predicatiu

Vocabulario en inglés con traducción al español

A continuación encontrarás una lista de palabras y expresiones en inglés con su traducción al español, organizadas por temas para facilitar su aprendizaje.

Adjetivos

• Appalling - Horrible
• Bad-mannered - Maleducado
• Broad-minded - De mente abierta
• Gripping - Fascinante
• Hilarious - Divertidísimo
• Outdated - Obsoleto
• Secluded - Aislado
• Remarkable - Notable
• Widespread - Extendido
• Wealthy / Well-off - Adinerado

Verbos y expresiones verbales

• Own up - Confesar
• Ideas come out / emerge - Las ideas surgen
• Daydream - Soñar despierto
• Get stuck - Atascarse
• Dream up / come up with new ideas - Inventar nuevas ideas
• Stimulate - Estimular
• Boost creativity - Potenciar la creatividad
• Follow it through - Llevarlo hasta el final
• Stick

Glosario Temático de Inglés

Medios de Comunicación y Sociedad

• A benchmark: Punto de referencia
• A broadsheet: Periódico serio
• A matter of debate: Cuestión de debate
• A tabloid: Periódico sensacionalista
• Biased: Parcial
• Censorship: Censura
• Circulation figures: Cifras de ventas
• Current affairs: Actualidad
• Ratings: Índice de audiencia
• The media: Los medios
• To be biased: Ser parcial
• To be impartial: Ser imparcial
• To broadcast: Emitir
• To censor: Censurar

Educación y Entorno Social

• A range of illnesses: Variedad de enfermedades
• A range of: Variedad
• A vast number of: Un gran número de
• Anti-social: Antisocial
• ASD: Autismo
• Be destitute: Desamparado
• Charity: Caridad
• Circle: Bucle
• COD: T.O.C.
• Compulsory: Obligatorio
• Disadvantaged: Desfavorecido
• Enrolment: Matrícula
• Expenses:

Vocabulary

VOCABULARY

bond – vínculo
sibling – hermano
push someone into – forzar
authority – autoridad
upbringing – crianza
unmarried – soltero
father-in-law – suegro
brother-in-law – cuñado
take after – parecerse
share one's problems – compartir
take issue with – discrepar
imitate – imitar
stick by – apoyar
gene – gen
unit – unidad
close-knit – unido
raise – criar
circle – círculo
attached to – apegado
keep one's word – cumplir

Reported Speech (Estilo Indirecto)

Cambios en los tiempos verbales

When the reporting verb is in the past, the verb tense usually changes.

• Present Simple becomes Past Simple: "I like chocolate." → She said she liked chocolate.
• Present Continuous becomes Past Continuous: "I am studying now." → He

Modal Verbs

• can - poder
• should - deber
• must - tener que / obligación
• might - podría
• may - permiso
• will - futuro
• would - gustaría
• could - podría

Oraciones

should

1. You should study for the exam tonight.
2. We should help our neighbors when they need us.

will

1. I will call you after work.
2. They will travel to Spain next summer.

would

1. I would like a cup of coffee.
2. She would help you if she had time.

must

1. You must wear a seat belt.
2. We must finish the project today.

can

1. She can speak three languages.
2. I can swim very well.

could

1. He could run very fast when he was young.
2. Could you open the window, please?

might

1. It might rain this afternoon.
2. We might go to the beach this weekend.

may

1. You may leave the classroom now.
2. She may arrive late because of traffic.

Oraciones con may

1. I may go home

Frases de práctica con traducción

• Se dice que tal falta de ingresos debería mejorarse con el fin de evitar concienciarse de una amplia gama de situaciones.
  It is said that such a lack of income should be improved in order to avoid becoming aware of a wide range of situations.
• Con tal de que lo cumplas
  As long as you fulfil it
• Le apetece ir
  He/She feels like going
• Si midieras la situación lo resolverías
  If you assessed the situation, you would solve it

• Asimismo, se sabe que deberemos una cuota para mejorar la asistencia
  Likewise, it is known that we will have to set a quota to improve attendance
• En gran parte, deberás recordármelo
  To a large extent, you will have to remind me
• Por lo tanto, te dejo ir
  Therefore, I let you go
• Le hice arriesgarse a cogerlo
  I

Introducción al Estilo Indirecto

El dominio del estilo indirecto es fundamental para comunicar lo que otros han dicho sin necesidad de utilizar citas textuales. A continuación, se detallan las estructuras principales para órdenes, peticiones y los patrones de los verbos reportados.

Órdenes y Peticiones

1. Órdenes (Orders)

Se emplean cuando alguien con autoridad te indica qué hacer.

• Afirmativa: Told + persona + to + infinitivo
  Ejemplo: "Clean your room" → My mom told me to clean my room.
• Negativa: Told + persona + not to + infinitivo
  Ejemplo: "Don’t touch that button" → The technician told us not to touch that button.

2. Peticiones (Requests)

Se utilizan cuando alguien solicita algo de forma educada o cortes.

• Afirmativa: Ask + persona + to

Esta compilación presenta una lista exhaustiva de vocabulario, incluyendo sustantivos, adjetivos, y phrasal verbs, cruciales para discutir temas de desarrollo urbano, sociedad y situaciones cotidianas. Se han corregido y estandarizado las entradas para facilitar el aprendizaje.

Sección A - G

• Abandoned: Abandonado
• Access to: Acceso a
• Across the globe: Por todo el mundo
• Affordable: De precio razonable
• Agreement on: Acuerdo sobre
• Along with: Junto con
• Ban on: Prohibición de
• Be worth: Costar, valer
• Break from: Descanso de
• Bring back: Traer de vuelta
• Built-up: Urbanizado
• City development: Desarrollo urbanístico
• Clash with: Chocar con, diferencia de opiniones
• Clear land: Limpiar el terreno
• Collector: Coleccionista
• Congestion: Aglomeración, atascos
• Council: Ayuntamiento
• Effect

Estilo indirecto en inglés: cambios de tiempos verbales

1. Present simple → past simple

   • "I work hard" → He said that he worked hard.

2. Present continuous → past continuous

   • "I am working hard" → He said that he was working hard.

3. Past simple → past perfect

   • "I worked hard yesterday" → He said that he had worked hard the previous day / the day before.

4. Past continuous → past perfect continuous

   • "I was working hard at six this morning" → He said that he had been working hard at six that morning.

5. Present perfect → past perfect

   • "I have worked hard" → He said that he had worked hard.

6. Present perfect continuous → past perfect continuous

   • "I have been working hard" → He said that he had been working hard.

7. Past perfect → past perfect

   • "I had worked

Should Mobile Phones Be Allowed at School?

Opinion Essay

Nowadays, mobile phones are part of our daily lives, especially for teenagers who use them every day. In my opinion, students should be allowed to use their phones at school, but with some restrictions.

Firstly, mobile phones can be useful for education. For example, students can search for information that helps them understand difficult subjects. Moreover, there are educational apps which make learning easier and more interesting.

Secondly, phones allow students to communicate with their families in important situations. Furthermore, they can help students who need to organise their homework and school activities. As a result, students can become more responsible and independent.

To conclude,... Continuar leyendo "Tecnología en el aula y en la vida cotidiana: ¿más libertad o más dependencia?" »