Inglés B2: Vocabulario Familiar y Reported Speech (Estilo Indirecto) con Ejemplos

Vocabulary

VOCABULARY

bond – vínculo
sibling – hermano
push someone into – forzar
authority – autoridad
upbringing – crianza
unmarried – soltero
father-in-law – suegro
brother-in-law – cuñado
take after – parecerse
share one's problems – compartir
take issue with – discrepar
imitate – imitar
stick by – apoyar
gene – gen
unit – unidad
close-knit – unido
raise – criar
circle – círculo
attached to – apegado
keep one's word – cumplir

Reported Speech (Estilo Indirecto)

Cambios en los tiempos verbales

When the reporting verb is in the past, the verb tense usually changes.

• Present Simple becomes Past Simple: "I like chocolate." → She said she liked chocolate.
• Present Continuous becomes Past Continuous: "I am studying now." → He said he was studying then.
• Past Simple becomes Past Perfect: "I finished my homework." → She said she had finished her homework.
• Present Perfect becomes Past Perfect: "I have seen that film." → He said he had seen that film.
• Will becomes Would: "I will call you tomorrow." → She said she would call me the next day.
• Can becomes Could: "I can help you." → He said he could help me.
• May becomes Might: "I may be late." → She said she might be late.

Cambios en los pronombres

Pronouns change depending on who is speaking.

"I love my job." → She said she loved her job.

Cambios en expresiones de tiempo y lugar

Time and place expressions also change.

"now" becomes "then", "today" becomes "that day", "yesterday" becomes "the day before", "tomorrow" becomes "the next day", "here" becomes "there", "this" becomes "that".

Example: "I am busy today." → He said he was busy that day.

Verbos introductorios (reporting verbs)

Besides say and tell, other reporting verbs are used to be more precise, such as advise, warn, suggest, promise, recommend, deny, insist, and threaten.

"Don't go in there. It's dangerous." → He warned her not to go in there.

Preguntas indirectas (reported questions)

In reported questions, the word order is the same as in a statement and do/does/did are not used.

"Where do you live?" → She asked where I lived.

Órdenes y peticiones

Orders and requests are reported using verb + object + (not) to + infinitive.

"Sit down." → He told me to sit down.

Notas adicionales

The word "that" is optional, verb tense does not change if the information is still true, and context is very important.