Voz Pasiva, Oraciones Causativas y Condicionales en Inglés: Guía Práctica de Gramática

🔹 UNIT 7: Passive Voice & Causative Structures

✅ Passive Voice

• Use: When the doer of the action is unknown or unimportant.

• Form: be + past participle
  (The crime was reported by a witness.)

✅ Causative (Have/Get something done)

• Use: When someone else does the work for us.

• Form:

  • have + object + past participle
    (I had my car repaired.)

  • get + object + past participle (more informal)
    (She got her nails done.)

📌 TIP: Practice rewriting active sentences into passive and causative.

🔹 UNIT 8: Conditionals & Mixed Conditionals

✅ Zero Conditional: Facts

• If + present, present
  (If you heat water, it boils.)

✅ First Conditional: Real future

• If + present, will + base verb
  (If it rains, we will cancel the trip.)

✅ Second Conditional: Unreal present

• If + past, would + base verb
  (If I were rich, I would travel the world.)

✅ Third Conditional: Unreal past

• If + had + past participle, would have + past participle
  (If you had studied, you would have passed.)

✅ Mixed Conditional: Past → Present or vice versa

• (If I had studied medicine, I would be a doctor now.)

📌 TIP: Create “What if...?” scenarios to practice mixed conditionals.

🔹 UNIT 9: Relative Clauses & Reduced Clauses

✅ Relative Clauses

• Use: Add extra information about a noun.

• Relative pronouns: who, which, that, whose, where
  (The woman who lives next door is a doctor.)

✅ Defining vs. Non-defining

• The boy who won the contest is my brother. (essential information)

• My brother, who won the contest, is very smart. (extra information)

✅ Reduced Relative Clauses

• Active: The man talking to the teacher is my dad.

• Passive: The book written by her is amazing.

📌 TIP: Start with full relative clauses and then try to reduce them.

🔹 UNIT 10: Reported Speech & Reporting Verbs

✅ Reported Speech

• Change tenses when reporting:

  • “I am tired,” → She said she was tired.

  • “I will call you,” → He said he would call me.

✅ Time Changes

✅ Reporting Verbs

• say, tell, explain, ask, suggest, warn, advise, admit, etc.
  (She suggested going home.)

📌 TIP: Practice converting dialogues to reported speech.

🔹 UNIT 11: Adjectives, Adverbs & Comparisons

✅ Adjectives vs. Adverbs

• Adjective: describes a noun (She is quick.)

• Adverb: describes a verb (She runs quickly.)

✅ Comparative Structures

• Short adjectives: taller, smaller

• Long adjectives: more beautiful, more exciting

✅ Superlative Structures

• the tallest, the most intelligent

📌 TIP: Practice comparing cities, countries, people, etc.

🔹 UNIT 12: Wishes & Unreal Situations

✅ Wish + Past Simple (present regrets)

• (I wish I had more time.)

✅ Wish + Past Perfect (past regrets)

• (I wish I had studied for the test.)

✅ Wish + Would (annoyances or future desires)

• (I wish you would stop yelling.)

📌 TIP: Think of 3 wishes about your life now, your past, and someone else’s behavior.