Vocabulario de Inglés para Negocios y Comercio Internacional: Términos, Emails y Pronombres Relativos

1. Vocabulario de Instalaciones Empresariales

Subsidiary → a company which is at least half-owned by another company
→ Subsidiaria: Empresa controlada por una casa matriz (≥50% de propiedad).

Factory / Plant → a large building or group of buildings where goods are made (using machinery)
→ Fábrica / Planta: Lugar donde se producen bienes mediante maquinaria.

Call centre → an office where people answer questions and make sales over the phone
→ Centro de llamadas: Unidad de atención al cliente y ventas telefónicas.

Service centre → a place where faulty products are mended
→ Centro de servicio técnico: Especializado en reparación y mantenimiento postventa.

Headquarters → the main office or building of a company
→ Casa matriz: Centro de decisiones estratégicas de la empresa.

Distribution centre → a building from which goods are sent to factories, shops or customers
→ Centro de distribución: Instalación logística para despacho de productos.

Warehouse → a building for storing goods in large quantities
→ Bodega / Almacén: Espacio para almacenamiento masivo de inventarios.

Outlet → a place through which products are sold
→ Punto de venta: Canal donde se comercializan productos.

2. Trade Vocabulary Check

Conceptos clave del comercio internacional:

Bills of lading → A detailed list of a shipment of goods in the form of a receipt
→ Conocimiento de embarque: Documento legal que detalla la carga y funciona como recibo y contrato de transporte.

Market share → The percentage of total sales in an industry generated by a particular company
→ Cuota de mercado: Participación de una empresa en las ventas totales de su industria.

Trade barrier → A government-imposed restraint on the flow of international goods
→ Barrera comercial: Restricción estatal (aranceles, cuotas) que limita el comercio exterior.

Shipment → A quantity of goods which is sent to a particular person or place
→ Embarque / Envío: Lote de mercancías transportado hacia un destino.

3. Word Bank (Conceptos sobre Comercio Exterior)

Supply chain
→ Cadena de suministro: Red de procesos, instalaciones y medios que permiten producir y distribuir un bien hasta el consumidor final.

Trade agreement
→ Acuerdo comercial: Tratado entre países para facilitar el comercio reduciendo aranceles y barreras.

Shipping costs
→ Costos de envío: Gastos asociados al transporte y logística de mercancías.

Customs clearance
→ Despacho de aduanas: Proceso legal para autorizar la entrada o salida de bienes en un país.

Exchange rate
→ Tipo de cambio: Valor de una moneda respecto a otra en el mercado internacional.

Profit margin
→ Margen de ganancia: Diferencia entre ingresos y costos, indicador de rentabilidad.

Target market
→ Mercado objetivo: Segmento específico al que se dirigen las estrategias de marketing.

Import duties
→ Aranceles: Impuestos aplicados a los bienes importados.

Letter of credit
→ Carta de crédito: Instrumento bancario que garantiza el pago en operaciones internacionales.

4. Writing (Redacción de Temas de la Unidad)

Email de negociación

Subject: Proposal for Trade Terms Adjustment

Dear Mr. Smith,

I hope you are doing well. I would like to discuss a possible adjustment regarding our recent shipment and the associated bills of lading. Due to unexpected trade barriers and higher shipping costs, our profit margin has been affected. We propose reviewing the trade agreement terms to reduce import duties and improve efficiency in customs clearance. Additionally, fluctuations in the exchange rate are impacting pricing in our target market. Our supply chain remains stable, and strengthening our market share is a shared objective.

Kind regards,
John

Review of Current Trade Conditions

Subject: Review of Current Trade Conditions

Dear Mr. Wilson,

I hope you are doing well. I am writing regarding our recent shipment. Although the bills of lading were processed correctly, we have experienced higher shipping costs and increased import duties due to new trade barriers. This situation is affecting our profit margin. Therefore, we would like to review our current trade agreement and explore ways to improve customs clearance procedures. In addition, changes in the exchange rate are impacting prices in our target market. Despite these challenges, our supply chain remains efficient, and our market share is stable. Payment through letter of credit continues without issues.

Best regards,
Mark

Coordination of Company Operations

Subject: Coordination of Company Operations

Dear Mr. Brown,

I hope you are doing well. I am writing to provide an update on our global operations. Our headquarters has decided to expand activities through a new subsidiary. Production will take place in our factory, while storage will be managed at the warehouse. Products will then be distributed from the distribution centre to different outlets. In addition, we are improving customer support through our call centre and technical assistance at the service centre. These changes aim to increase efficiency and improve customer satisfaction. We believe this strategy will strengthen our overall performance in the market.

Best regards,
Daniel

Marketing Campaign Strategy Update

Subject: Marketing Campaign Strategy Update

Dear Mr. Adams,

I hope you are doing well. I am writing to inform you about our new advertising campaign. We plan to run a strategy using different media, including television, radio, and internet platforms. Additionally, we will target a younger audience through banner ads and pop-ups to increase visibility. As part of our approach, we will also use product placement and offer free samples at key locations. Our goal is to communicate the value of our product effectively and strengthen brand positioning. We believe this campaign will improve customer engagement and generate positive results in the market.

Best regards,
Sofia

Integrated Marketing Campaign Proposal

Subject: Integrated Marketing Campaign Proposal

Dear Ms. Carter,

I hope you are doing well. I am writing to present our new integrated marketing strategy. We plan to run a campaign across multiple channels, including television, radio, and internet, supported by billboards and posters as part of our outdoor advertising. Additionally, we will target specific segments using banner ads and pop-ups, aiming to increase online engagement. The campaign will include commercials, product placement, and sponsorship agreements to strengthen brand visibility. We also intend to distribute free samples and use point-of-sale materials to influence purchasing decisions directly. Our objective is to communicate a strong brand message and encourage customer interaction. We are confident this approach will generate positive results and reinforce our position in the market.

Kind regards,
Laura

Apology Email

📧 Apology Email (Disculpa)

Subject: Apology for Missing the Meeting

Dear Professor,

I hope you are well. I am writing to sincerely apologize for missing the meeting scheduled for yesterday. Unfortunately, I had an unexpected personal situation that made it impossible for me to attend. I understand the importance of being responsible and respecting commitments, and I regret any inconvenience my absence may have caused. I take full responsibility for this situation and assure you that it will not happen again. I would like to kindly ask if it would be possible to reschedule the meeting or receive the information that was discussed. I am fully committed to keeping up with the course and completing all my responsibilities on time.

Thank you for your understanding and patience.

Sincerely,
Cristóbal Cáceres

5. Pronombres Relativos

Ejercicios de Combinación de Oraciones