Pronombres en Inglés: Reflexivos, Indefinidos y Relativos con Ejemplos

Reflexive Pronouns and Each Other

Reflexive pronouns must agree with the subject and the object. They are used to describe reflexive actions:

• I often talk to myself: a menudo hablo solo.
• I hurt myself, you hurt yourself, he hurt himself, she hurt herself, the dog hurt itself, we hurt ourselves, you hurt yourselves, they hurt themselves.

Each other is used for reciprocal actions (from you to me):

• We always send each other postcards.
• You have known each other since 2003. They smiled at each other and shook hands.

Indefinite Pronouns: Some-, Any-, Every-, No-

Some- (affirmative)

Something, somebody and somewhere: unknown objects, people and places, in affirmative sentences.

• I think there’s somebody at the door.

Any- (negative and interrogative)

Anything, anyone, anybody and anywhere: describe unknown objects, people and places.

• Did you go anywhere interesting?

Every-

Everything: all objects. Everyone, everybody: all people. Everywhere: all places, in affirmative sentences.

• Everyone wants to go…

No-

Nothing, no one, nobody and nowhere: no object, no person, no place.

• In affirmative sentences: Nobody listens to me: nadie me escucha.

Relative Pronouns

• Who: people (quien). The boy who won…
• Which: objects or ideas. There’s an interesting film which starts at…
• Where: places (donde). This is the shop where I…
• Whose: replaces his, her, their… We saw the teacher. Her brother has a beard. → We saw the teacher whose brother has a beard.

Note: If a sentence contains a pronoun and a preposition, the preposition always goes at the end: This is the city which I was born in: esta es la ciudad en la que nací.

Vocabulary

Personal Appearance

• Beard: barba
• Chain: cadena
• Dreadlocks: pelo rasta
• Hair dye: tinte
• Lipstick: pintalabios
• Moustache: bigote
• Nail varnish: esmalte de uñas
• Necklace: collar
• Piercing
• Ring
• Sideburns: patillas
• Tattoo

Adjectives in -ed and -ing

• Annoy, annoyed, annoying: enfadar, enfadado, que enfada.
• Bore, bored, boring: aburrir, aburrido, que aburre.
• Embarrass, embarrassed, embarrassing: avergonzar, avergonzado, avergonzante.
• Excite, excited, exciting: emocionar, emocionado, emocionante.
• Frighten, frightened, frightening: asustar, asustado, que asusta.
• Interest, interested, interesting: interesar, interesado, interesante.
• Relax, relaxed, relaxing: relajar, relajado, relajante.
• Shock, shocked, shocking / Surprise, surprised, surprising: sorprender, sorprendido, sorprendente.
• Worry, worried, worrying: preocupar, preocupado, preocupante.

Example Text

My name is Marina and I’m a student in San Cristóbal. I’m interested in cinema and arts. I spend most of my time with my best friend Sara and my cousin Olivia. The thing which I like best is going to the cinema with my friends or, sometimes, with my family. One thing that annoys me is when I have an argument with my brother. Finally, in a few years’ time, I will go to Paris to finish school.