Principios Pedagógicos del Constructivismo y Enseñanza de Listening y Reading

Constructivismo

Constructivismo: Construcción interna mediante un proceso mental a través de conocimientos previos para la adquisición de un nuevo conocimiento. Está centrado en la persona. El profesor actúa como mediador del aprendizaje.

Listening (Comprensión Auditiva)

Why Listening: To let them hear different accents. It helps students (ST) to acquire language subconsciously.

What kind: There is a debate about the use of authentic material, but it depends on the level. It has to be appropriate for the level.

Principios para la Enseñanza de Listening

• Principle 1: The tape recorder is just as important as the tape: However good your tape is, it will be useless if the tape recorder has a poor speaker or it doesn't work correctly.
• Principle 2: Preparation is vital: Teachers have to prepare very carefully their listenings, to solve any problem about accent or something similar.
• Principle 3: Once will not be enough: Teachers (T) have to reproduce the tape more than once.
• Principle 4: Students should be encouraged to respond to the content, not just to the language: The most important part is to draw out the meaning. Questions like "Do you agree?" are just as important as language-focused questions.
• Principle 5: Different listening stages demand different listening tasks: For the first listening, the task has to be general.
• Principle 6: Good teachers exploit listening texts to the full: Listenings can be applied to many tasks, not only for one exercise.

Reading (Comprensión Lectora)

Why reading: To be able to read texts in English and to improve writing skills.

What kind: Lo mismo que en listening (debate sobre material auténtico y adaptación al nivel).

Reading skills acquired: Skim and scan.

Principios para la Enseñanza de Reading

• Principle 1: Reading is not a passive skill: It is an active occupation. To do this successfully, you have to understand the meaning of words, pictures, etc.
• Principle 2: Students (ST) need to be engaged with what they are reading.
• Principle 3: Students should be encouraged to respond to the content of a text, not just to the language: Lo mismo que en listening.
• Principle 4: Prediction is a major factor in reading: Expectations are set up and the active process of reading is ready to begin. Teachers should give students "hints" so that they can predict.
• Principle 5: Match the task to the topic: We need to choose a good reading task and the right kind of questions.
• Principle 6: Good teachers exploit reading texts to the full: Lo mismo que en listening.