Present Simple, Present Continuous, Verb To Be y Past Simple en inglés: reglas, usos y ejemplos

Present Simple

Usos:

1. Acciones habituales o rutinas
   We go to school from Monday to Friday.
2. Hechos
   The moon rotates around the Earth.
3. Horarios
   The plane leaves at 5 p.m.
4. Gustos/disgustos u opiniones
   I like chocolate very much, in fact I love it!

( + ) Subject + VERB IN PRESENT + complements
I do my homework every day.

Puntos especiales

1. Si el sujeto es HE / SHE / IT, añadimos -s al verbo: work / works.
   My parents work in a supermarket.
2. Si el sujeto es HE / SHE / IT, añadimos -es a los verbos que terminan en:
   • -sh: wash → washes
   • -ch: watch → watches
   • -ss: miss → misses
   • -x: mix → mixes
   • -o: go → goes
3. Terminación en -y:
   • Si hay una vocal antes de -y, la -y nunca desaparece y añadimos -s: play / plays.
   • Si hay una consonante antes de -y, la -y cambia a -i y añadimos -es: cry / cries.
4. Si el verbo termina en -e, solo añadimos -s: dance / dances.

( - ) Subject + DO / DOES + NOT + verb in INFINITIVE + complements
Con he / she / it el verbo nunca lleva -s.

• DO NOT = DON'T
• DOES NOT = DOESN'T

( ? ) [ Wh- QUESTIONS ] + DO / DOES + Subject + INFINITIVE + complements?
Con he / she / it el verbo nunca lleva -s.

Present Continuous

Usos:

1. Algo que estamos haciendo o que está ocurriendo ahora
   We are studying English now.
2. Algo que estamos haciendo o que está ocurriendo durante un periodo de tiempo
   We are staying at my grandparents' house for a month.
3. Un acuerdo futuro (cosas planificadas en nuestra agenda)
   My class is going on a school trip on the 22 December.

( + ) Subject + VERB TO BE PRESENT + verb in gerund + complements
am / is / are + -ing form
He's drinking a cold Coke just now.

( - ) Subject + VERB TO BE PRESENT + NOT + verb in gerund + complements
am / is / are + -ing form

• I am not = I'm not
• is not = isn't
• are not = aren't

( ? ) [ Wh- QUESTIONS ] + VERB TO BE PRESENT + Subject + verb in gerund + complements?
am / is / are + -ing form

Puntos especiales

1. Terminación en -e: la -e desaparece y añadimos -ing: dance / dancing.
2. Verbos de una sílaba (c + v + c): doblamos la última consonante y añadimos -ing: stop / stopping, clap / clapping.
   ¡Atención! Help – Helping, not helpping!
3. Terminación en -y: la -y nunca desaparece y añadimos -ing: play / playing, cry / crying.
4. Terminación en -l: escribimos doble l y añadimos -ing: travel / travelling.
5. Verbos de dos sílabas con acento en la última: doblamos la última consonante: begin / beginning.
6. Terminación en -ie: cambiamos -ie por -y y añadimos -ing: die / dying.

Expresiones de tiempo

• Now = ahora
• Just now = ahora mismo
• Right now = ahora mismo
• Today = hoy
• At the moment = en este momento
• In this moment = en este momento
• These days = estos días
• This month = este mes
• For a (2, 3, 4...) week/s = durante una/dos/tres... semana/s
• month/s = mes/es
• year/s = año/s

Posición: colocamos estas expresiones de tiempo al final de la oración y, ocasionalmente, al principio seguidas de coma.

Arrangements (significado futuro):

• Tomorrow = mañana
• The day after tomorrow = pasado mañana

Verb To Be

WAS / WERE = ser o estar en pasado (ESTABA o ERA).

• I WAS
• YOU WERE
• HE WAS
• SHE WAS
• IT WAS
• WE WERE
• YOU WERE
• THEY WERE

( + ) Subject + WAS / WERE + complements
( - ) Subject + WAS / WERE + NOT + complements

• WAS + NOT = WASN'T
• WERE + NOT = WEREN'T

( ? ) [ Wh- QUESTIONS ] + WAS / WERE + Subject + complements?

Past Simple

Uso: expresar una acción que hicimos o que sucedió en el pasado.

( + ) Subject + VERB IN PAST + complements
Verbos regulares / irregulares: los regulares llevan -ed (segunda columna de la lista).

• Work / worked
• Run / ran / run

I worked a lot last year.
We ran a lot in the PE class yesterday.

Puntos especiales de los verbos regulares (solo en afirmativo)

1. Terminación en -e: solo añadimos -d: dance / danced.
2. Verbos de una sílaba (c + v + c): doblamos la última consonante y añadimos -ed: stop / stopped, clap / clapped.
   ¡Atención! Help – Helped, not helpped!
3. Terminación en -y:
   • Si hay una vocal antes de -y, la -y no desaparece y añadimos -ed: play / played.
   • Si hay una consonante antes de -y, la -y cambia a -i y añadimos -ed: cry / cried.
4. Terminación en -l: escribimos doble l y añadimos -ed: travel / travelled.
5. Verbos de dos sílabas con acento en la última: doblamos la última consonante: prefer / preferred.

( - ) Subject + DID + NOT + verb in INFINITIVE + complements
DIDN'T = DID NOT

( ? ) [ Wh- QUESTIONS ] + DID + Subject + verb in INFINITIVE + complements?