Fundamentos de la Gramática Inglesa: Tiempos, Condicionales y Estructuras
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Verbos Auxiliares Básicos
To be (ser/estar): I am/was - You are/were - She/he/it is/was - We/you/they are/were
To have (haber/tener): I have/had - You have - He/she/it has - We/you/they have
Había o hubo: there + past to be (was/were). 1 cosa: there was; + 1 cosa: there were.
Modales y Estructuras
Would: I would dance (yo bailaría/habría…). *No se puede usar con can*.
Pasado simple: Ordenara, tirara, bailara…
Conectores temporales: Detrás de while se usa past continuous; detrás de when se usa past simple.
Modales:
- Can: habilidad/permiso (ellos pueden…)
- Must: obligación fuerte (ellos deben…)
- Should: consejo (ellos deberían…)
- Might: probabilidad (puede que ellos…)
- Will: futuro (ellos entregarán…)
- Have to: necesidad (ellos tienen que entregar…)
Tabla de Tiempos Verbales
| Tiempo | Simple | Continuous | Perfect | Perfect Continuous |
| Past | I danced - Yo bailé | I was dancing - Yo estaba bailando | I had danced - Yo había bailado | I had been dancing - Yo había estado bailando |
| Present | I dance / I dances - Yo bailo | I am dancing - Yo estoy bailando | I have danced - Yo he bailado | I have been dancing - Yo he estado bailando |
| Future | I will dance - Yo bailaré | I will be dancing - Yo estaré bailando | I will have danced - Yo habré bailado | I will have been dancing - Yo habré estado bailando |
Condicionales
Zero Conditional
Situaciones reales o habituales: Present Simple + Present Simple
- If you study, you pass the exam. (Si estudias, apruebas el examen).
First Conditional
Situación posible en el futuro: Present Simple + will/won’t + verb
- If you study, you will pass the exam. (Si estudias, aprobarás el examen).
Second Conditional
Situación hipotética o improbable: Past Simple + would + verb
- If you studied, you would pass the exam. (Si estudiaras, aprobarías el examen).
Third Conditional
Situación hipotética en el pasado: Past Perfect + would have + Past Participle
- If you had studied, you would have passed the exam. (Si hubieras estudiado, habrías aprobado el examen).
Voz Pasiva
| Tiempo | Activa | Pasiva |
| Present Simple | She eats an apple. | An apple is eaten. |
| Past Simple | She ate an apple. | An apple was eaten. |
| Present Continuous | She is eating an apple. | An apple is being eaten. |
| Future (will) | She will eat an apple. | An apple will be eaten. |
| Present Perfect | She has eaten an apple. | An apple has been eaten. |
Reported Speech
| Direct Speech | Reported Speech |
| Present Simple | Past Simple |
| Present Continuous | Past Continuous |
| Past Simple | Past Perfect |
| Past Continuous | Past Perfect Continuous |
| Present Perfect | Past Perfect |
| Present Perfect Continuous | Past Perfect Continuous |
| Past Perfect | Past Perfect (no cambia) |
| Future (will) | Conditional (would) |