Essential English Grammar and Technical Vocabulary Masterclass
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1. Describing Objects and Physical Properties
Use these structures to ask about and describe the physical characteristics of objects:
- Materials:
- Singular: What is the... made of? / It is made of...
- Plural: What are the...? / They are made of...
- Shape:
- What shape is the...? / It is...
- What shape are the...? / They are...
- Height:
- How high is...? / It is # metres.
- How high are...? / They are # metres.
- Weight:
- How heavy is...? / It weighs # kg.
- How heavy are...? / They weigh # kg.
- Width:
- How wide is...? / It is # wide.
- How wide are...? / They are # wide.
- Length:
- How long is...? / It is # metres long.
- How long are...? / They are # metres long.
2. Grammar Structures and Verb Tenses
Zero Conditional
Structure: IF + Present Simple clause, Present Simple clause.
Present Continuous
Structure: Subject + be (am / is / are) + verb-ing.
Past Simple
Affirmative: Regular verbs (add -ed) / Irregular verbs.
Negative: Subject + didn't + verb.
Interrogative: Did + subject + verb?
3. Troubleshooting and Problem-Solving
Asking and Explaining Problems
- Asking about a problem: What's wrong with...?
- Explaining a problem: It is... / They are...
- Suggesting solutions or repairs: Why don't you + solution/repair verb?
Explaining the Use of Things
- What is... for? / It is (used) for + verb-ing.
- What are... for? / They are (used) for cutting...
- You can + verb.
- Enable (singular takes an "s") you to + verb.
4. Prepositions of Time (IN, ON, AT)
- IN: Months of the year, the future, the past, the morning, the afternoon, the evening, seasons.
- ON: Full dates, days of the week.
- AT: Holiday periods, special feasts/events, the beginning, the end, exact time, night.
5. Auxiliary Verbs: DO vs. ARE
DO: Used to ask general questions in the present.
- DO (I, you, they, we)
- DOES (he, she, it)
- Example: Does the...? (No, he doesn't)
ARE: Used for continuous/gerund forms.
- Example: Is Pablo serving...? (Yes, he is.)
6. Technical Vocabulary and Conditions
Conditions and Repairs
- Blocked (atascado): unblock
- Leaking (fuga): solder / tape
- Flat (desinchado / gastado): blow up
- Burnt out (fundido o quemado): replace
- Empty (vacío): fill (llenar)
- Loose (flojo): tighten (apretar)
- Tight (muy apretado): loosen (aflojar)
- Rusty (oxidado): oil (lubricar)
- Blunt (desafilado): sharpen
- Stiff (engarrotado): oil
- Dirty (sucio): clean
- Bent (torcido): straighten (enderezar)
- Cracked (rajado): solder
- Worn (desgastado por el uso): replace (reemplazarlo)
- Torn (desgarrado): used for fabrics
- Chipped (descascarillado)
- Crushed (aplastado)
- Dented (abollado)
- Scratched (arañado)
- Broken: roto
- Missing: cuando se ha perdido
- Fix: verbo para reparar
General Technical Vocabulary
- aisles: pasillo
- bring: traer
- ceiling: techo
- clean: limpiar
- compass: brújula
- deep: profundidad
- decrease: disminuir
- doing: haciendo
- fast forward: hacia delante
- filling: llenar
- find out: descubrir o averiguar
- goods: productos
- increases: aumentar
- keeping: mantener / espejado
- know: sabes
- ladder: escalera
- leaking: fuga
- load: cargar
- making: hacer
- mirrors: espejo
- operates: funciona
- plaster: tirita / yeso
- putting: ponerse encima
- rack: estantería
- replace: reemplazar
- report: informe
- rewinds: rebobinar
- roof: tejado
- sand: arena
- seeing: ver
- sharpen: limar
- signalling: hacer señales
- sleep: dormir
- someone's: alguien
- stool: taburete
- torch: linterna
- touch: tocar
- wall: pared
- wear: llevar puesto
- wet: mojado
- when: cuando
- without: sin
- bell: campana
- belt: correa / cinturón
- bolt: perno
- can: bote
- cart: trapale
- chainsaw: sierra mecánica
- chewing gum: goma de mascar
- chisel: cincel
- clamp: gato / abrazadera
- cold chisel: cortaf frío
- concrete: hormigón
- copper: cobre
- cross head: destornillador de estrella
- drawer: cajón
- home appliance: equipamiento / electrodoméstico
- inches: pulgada
- nut: tuerca
- piece: pedazo o trozo
- pipe: tubo
- pipeline: tubería
- pliers: alicate universal
- plug: enchufe
- ropes: cuerdas
- screw: tornillo
- switch: interruptor
- pump: bomba
- shut off: apagar
- throw away: arrojar
- funnel: embudo
- handle: tirador
- cover: tapa
- lock: cerradura
- boil: hervir
- sign: firmar
- depth: profundidad
- rubber: goma
- stairs: escaleras
- hose: manguera
- wrench: llave inglesa
- knob: selector