Dominio del Reported Speech, Gerunds e Infinitives en Inglés

Cambios de Tiempo y Espacio en el Reported Speech

Al transformar el discurso directo en indirecto, ciertos adverbios y demostrativos cambian para reflejar la distancia espacial y temporal:

• Here → there
• This → that
• These → those
• Now → then
• Today → that day
• Tonight → that night
• Tomorrow → the next / following day
• Yesterday → the day before
• Last week → the week before
• Next week → the following week

Otros Verbos de Declaración (Reporting Verbs)

Dependiendo del verbo que utilicemos para reportar, la estructura gramatical cambia. A continuación, se detallan las principales fórmulas:

1. Verbo + (Not) + To + Infinitivo

Ejemplos:

• «I will tell the teacher» → She threatened to tell the teacher.
• «I promise not to leave» → He promised not to leave.

Verbos comunes:

• Agree: estar de acuerdo
• Decide: decidir
• Offer: ofrecer
• Refuse: rechazar
• Threaten: amenazar

2. Verbo + Sujeto + (Not) + To + Infinitivo

Ejemplos:

• «Please don't tell the police» → He begged me not to tell the police.
• «Don't go» → She forbade me to go.

Verbos comunes:

• Advise: recomendar
• Ask: pedir / preguntar
• Beg: rogar
• Encourage: alentar
• Forbid: prohibir
• Invite: invitar
• Persuade: persuadir
• Order: ordenar
• Tell: decir
• Warn: advertir

3. Verbo + (+Not) + -ing

Ejemplos:

• «I committed the crime» → I admitted committing the crime.
• «I didn't do it» → She denied doing it.

Verbos comunes:

• Admit: admitir
• Deny: negar
• Suggest: sugerir
• Recommend: recomendar

4. Verbo + Sujeto + Preposición + (Not) + -ing

Ejemplos:

• «It's your fault the vase got broken» → He blamed us for breaking the vase.
• «I'm sorry I lied» → She apologized for lying.

5. Verbo + Sujeto + That + Clause

Verbos comunes:

Admit, announce, assume, believe, decide, deny, explain, insist, mention, report, suggest, think.

Gerunds and Infinitives

El uso del gerundio (-ing) o del infinitivo (to + verb) después de ciertos verbos es fundamental para la fluidez en inglés.

Verbos Seguidos de Gerundio (-ing)

Admit, advise, avoid (evitar), begin, can't help, can't stand, can't imagine, can't face, complete, consider, continue, delay (retrasar), detest, discuss, dislike, don't mind, enjoy, finish, forget, give up, go on, hate, imagine, involve (implicar), keep, like, love, mention, mind, miss, postpone (postponer), practise, prefer, recall, recommend, regret (lamentar), remember, report, resist, risk (arriesgar), start, stop, suggest, try, understand.

Verbos Seguidos de To + Infinitivo

Afford, agree, appear (aparecer), arrange (organizar), ask, attempt (intentar), beg, choose, consent, expect, continue, dare, decide, demand, deserve (merecer), fail, forget, get ready, go on, hate, hesitate (vacilar), hope, intend, learn, like, love, manage (arreglarse/las), mean, need, offer, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, remember, seem (parecer), start, stop, threaten, try, wait, want, wish.

Verbo + Sujeto + Infinitivo (Sujeto + To + Infinitivo)

Advise, allow (permitir), ask, beg, cause, convince, dare (atreverse), enable, expect, forbid, force, get, help, hire (contratar), inspire, persuade, remind, require (requerir), teach, tell, want, warn, would hate, would like, would love, would prefer.