Dominando el Reported Speech y la Voz Pasiva en Inglés

Reported Speech: Transformaciones de Tiempos Verbales

En el Reported Speech (estilo indirecto), los tiempos verbales suelen dar un paso atrás en el pasado. A continuación, se detallan las conversiones principales:

• Present Simple → Past Simple
  “I am hungry.” → He said that he was hungry.
• Present Continuous → Past Continuous
  “I am writing a letter.” → He said that he was writing a letter.
• Present Perfect → Past Perfect
  “I have cleaned my room.” → He said that he had cleaned his room.
• Present Perfect Continuous → Past Perfect Continuous
  “She has been waiting all day.” → He said that she had been waiting all day.
• Past Simple → Past Perfect
  “I paid 12$ for the pizza.” → He said that he had paid 12$ for the pizza.
• Past Continuous → Past Perfect Continuous
  “We were talking about football.” → He said they had been talking about football.
• Simple Future → Simple Conditional
  “I will come to visit Mary.” → He said that he would come to visit Mary.
• Future Continuous → Conditional Continuous
  “I will be using the car on the 24th.” → He said that he would be using the car on the 24th.
• Simple Conditional → Simple Conditional
  “I would like to see it.” → He said that he would like to see it.

Cambios en Verbos Modales

• Must → Had to
  “I must go.” → He said that he had to go.
• Have to → Had to
  “I have to go.” → He said that he had to go.
• May → Might
  “I may go.” → He said that he might go.

Expresiones de Tiempo y Lugar

Al pasar al estilo indirecto, es necesario ajustar las referencias temporales y espaciales:

• Now → Then / at that moment
• Today → That day
• Yesterday → The day before / the previous day
• Tomorrow → The next day / the following day
• Last week → The week before / the previous week
• Next week → The week after / the following week
• Ago → Before
• Here → There
• This → That
• These → Those
• The day before yesterday → Two days before
• The day after tomorrow → In two days’ time
• Nowadays → At that time / in those days

La Voz Pasiva en Inglés: Estructura y Tiempos

La voz pasiva se utiliza para poner el énfasis en la acción o en el objeto, en lugar de en el sujeto que realiza la acción.

Estructura General

Active → Passive / Subject + verb + object
→ Object + be + past participle + by + subject

Ejemplo:
They opened the door.
→ The door was opened by them.

Transformaciones según el Tiempo Verbal

• Present Simple:
  do / does → am/is/are + done
• Past Simple:
  did → was/were + done
• Present Continuous:
  am/is/are doing → am/is/are being done
• Past Continuous:
  was/were doing → was/were being done
• Present Perfect:
  have/has done → have/has been done
• Past Perfect:
  had done → had been done
• Will:
  will do → will be done
• Modal (can/must/should):
  can/must/should do → can/must/should be done