Apuntes Esenciales de Inglés: Tiempos Verbales, Modales y Vocabulario

Inglés4 oct 20269,21 KB

Tiempos Verbales Principales

Present Continuous (Presente Continuo)

Estructura:

I – am Now - ahora
He, She, It – is At the moment - en este momento
We, You, They – are

Fórmulas:

Afirmativa: Sujeto + am/is/are + verbo con -ing
Interrogativa: Wh- + am/is/are + persona + verbo con -ing?

Ejemplos:

(+) Susan is watching TV now.
(?) What are you doing?
(-) I am studying English.

Present Simple (Presente Simple)

Marcadores temporales: Every day, every week, always, usually, often, sometimes, never, once a day.

Fórmulas:

Interrogativa: Wh- + do/does + persona + verbo en infinitivo?

Uso de Auxiliares:

DO: I / you / we / they
DOES: He / she / it

Ejemplos:

(?) What time do you get up on Sundays?
(+) I get up at 11 o'clock.
(-) I don't get up early on Saturday.
(-) She doesn't live in the city.
(+) She works in an office.
(?) Where does she work?

Past Continuous (Pasado Continuo)

Estructura:

WAS: I / she / he / it (am / is)
WERE: You / we / they (are)

Fórmulas:

Afirmativa: Sujeto + was/were + verbo con -ing
Interrogativa: Wh- + was/were + persona + verbo con -ing?

Conectores temporales:

Past Simple – WHILE (mientras) – Past Continuous
Past Continuous – WHEN (cuando) – Past Simple

Ejemplos:

(?) I was working yesterday.
(-) He wasn't going to school last Friday.
(+) I was studying English.

Past Simple (Pasado Simple)

Nota: El auxiliar DID solo se usa en oraciones interrogativas (?) y negativas (-).

Fórmula:

Interrogativa: Wh- + did + persona + verbo en infinitivo o -ed?

Ejemplos:

(?) Did you watch TV last night?
(+) I watched TV last night.
(-) I didn't go to the cinema last Sunday.

Present Perfect (Presente Perfecto)

Estructura y Auxiliares:

HAVE: I / you / we / they
HAS: He / she / it

Fórmulas:

Afirmativa: Have / Has + verbo en 3ª columna (participio)
Interrogativa: Wh- + have/has + persona + verbo en 3ª columna?

Palabras clave y uso:

Ever: alguna vez (solo en interrogativas)
Already / Just: ya (solo en afirmativas)
Yet: todavía / ya (siempre al final de la oración)
For: durante (período de tiempo)
Since: desde (punto de inicio en el tiempo)
Never: nunca

Ejemplos:

(+) I have been to Paris for three years.
(?) Have you finished your homework?
(-) She hasn't arrived on time.

Verbos Modales y Expresiones de Obligación

Must: permitido / posible.
Mustn't: no debo / no permitido / no es posible.
Needn't: no es necesario.
Have to: tengo que.
Don't have to: no es obligatorio / no tengo que.
Can: poder.
Can't: no puedo.
Should: debería.
Shouldn't: no debería.

Artículos: A, An, The y No Article

A / An (un, una) – The (el, la, los, las) – No article (sin artículo).

Ejemplos de uso común:

Have breakfast
Have a bath
Have lunch
Play the piano
On Monday
At the cinema
Go to school
At the moment
Go home
By bus
At work
At the weekend
At school

Verbos y Expresiones Seguidos de Verbo en -ING

Verbos: Avoid, can't stand, enjoy, hate, prefer, imagine, like, love, not mind, miss.

Ejemplo: I don't like playing sport.

Multipart Verbs (Phrasal Verbs)

Get up: levantarse
Get up to: hacer algo (tramas, travesuras)
Get back: regresar
Get on with: llevarse bien con alguien

Vocabulario: Trabajos (Jobs)

Athlete, mechanic, businesswoman/businessman (empresario/a), chef, postman (cartero), dentist, teacher, lawyer (abogado), doctor, architect, pilot, plumber, electrician, computer programmer, police officer, lifeguard (salvavidas), farmer, nurse (enfermera), hairdresser (peluquero), engineer (ingeniero), journalist (periodista), surgeon (cirujano), pharmacist (farmacéutico).

Preposiciones Seguidas de -ING

Afraid OF
Bored WITH
Different FROM
Good / Bad AT
Interested IN
Necessary FOR
Responsible FOR
Tired OF
Useful FOR / IN

Adjetivos Útiles

Active (activo), boring (aburrido), busy (ocupado), creative (creativo), dangerous (peligroso), energetic (enérgico), exciting (emocionante), interesting (interesante), peaceful (pacífico), relaxing (relajante), stressful (estresante), tiring (agotador), decisive (decisivo), intelligent (inteligente), violent (violento), honest (honesto), romantic (romántico), clever (listo), brave (valiente), aggressive (agresivo).

Actividades de Práctica y Ejercicios

Parte 1: Formación de Palabras

I don't know what's wrong with him, but he's suspecting (suspect).
Be careful when you go for a walk in the forest. There may be some poisonous (poison) snakes around.
We all agree that Orlando Bloom is very good-looking, but we can't say he's a brilliant actor (act).
Winning gold medals both in 1500 and 5000 metres in Athens in 2004 was a great achievement (achieve) for the Moroccan athlete Hicham El Guerrouj.
Our football team needs a decisive (decide) manager to be successful (success) in the Premier League.
Regular physical activity (active) helps you lose weight in a healthy way.
Everybody is talking about teenage violence (violent) nowadays.
I can't walk properly for a week because of a painful (pain) in my knee.
My grandfather received a medal for his bravery (brave) after World War II.
The young boy was badly injured (injury) after the accident, and now the doctors are trying to keep the young boy alive (live) on a life-support machine.

Parte 2: Selección de la Opción Correcta (Modales y Obligación)

Nota: La opción correcta aparece en negrita. El número 1 es el ejemplo de referencia.

(Es el ejemplo de referencia).
Can you / do you have to drive a car when you are sixteen in your country?
We have to / don't have to get up early tomorrow; it's a holiday.
Pete doesn't have to / can't take us to the station in his car. It's being repaired in the garage.
Can Jane / Does Jane have to get up early? Yes, she has to / have to get the bus at 7 o'clock.
Jo and Mike can / have to help at home. They usually tidy their rooms and do the washing up.
You can / have to get married at sixteen in Britain, but you can / have to have your parents' permission.
I can / have to help you with your maths homework. I'm good at maths.

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