Aprende Inglés Desde Cero: Vocabulario, Gramática y Ejercicios Esenciales
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Vocabulario Esencial en Inglés
La Familia (The Family)
- GREAT-GRANDMOTHER: Bisabuela
- GREAT-GRANDFATHER: Bisabuelo
- GRANDMOTHER: Abuela
- GRANDFATHER: Abuelo
- MOTHER: Madre
- FATHER: Padre
- WIFE: Esposa
- HUSBAND: Marido
- AUNT: Tía
- UNCLE: Tío
- NIECE: Sobrina
- NEPHEW: Sobrino
- SISTER: Hermana
- BROTHER: Hermano
- COUSIN: Primo/a
- DAUGHTER: Hija
- SON: Hijo
- GRANDDAUGHTER: Nieta
- GRANDSON: Nieto
El Abecedario (The Alphabet)
A = ei | B = bi | C = ci | D = di | E = i | F = ef | G = yi | H = eich | I = ai | J = yei | K = key | L = el | M = em | N = en | O = ou | P = pi | Q = kiu | R = ar | S = es | T = ti | U = iu | V = vi | W = dabliu | X = ex | Y = uai | Z = zi/zed
Los Números (Numbers)
One - Uno, Two - Dos, Three - Tres, Four - Cuatro, Five - Cinco, Six - Seis, Seven - Siete, Eight - Ocho, Nine - Nueve, Ten - Diez, Eleven - Once, Twelve - Doce, Thirteen - Trece, Twenty - Veinte, Thirty - Treinta, Forty - Cuarenta, Fifty - Cincuenta, Eighty - Ochenta, One hundred (100) - Cien.
181: One hundred and eighty-one.
1254: One thousand, two hundred and fifty-four.
One hundred thousand, one million.
Nacionalidades (Nationalities)
- Australia - Australian
- Belgium - Belgian
- Brazil - Brazilian
- Britain - British
- China - Chinese
- Denmark - Danish
- England - English
- Greece - Greek
- The USA - American
Profesiones (Professions)
- Doctor
- Architect
- Chef
- Computer programmer
- Dentist
- Actor
- Engineer
- Farmer
- Lawyer
- Shop assistant
Saludos y Expresiones (Greetings)
- Good morning.
- Good afternoon.
- Good evening.
Deportes y Actividades (Sports & Activities)
- Do aerobics, yoga, judo
- Go running, rowing, windsurfing, skiing
- Play chess, tennis, basketball, football
Gramática Básica
Adjetivos Posesivos (Possessive Adjectives)
- my (mái) - mi, mis
- your (iór) - tu, tus / su, sus (de usted)
- his (jis) - su, sus (de él)
- her (jer) - su, sus (de ella)
- its (its) - su, sus (de algo)
- our (áuar) - nuestro/a/os/as
- your (iór) - su, sus (de ustedes/vosotros)
- their (dér) - su, sus (de ellos/as)
Pronombres Personales (Subject Pronouns)
Tú: you (informal) | Él: He | Ella: She | Usted: you | Nosotros / Nosotras: We | Ellos / Ellas: They
El Verbo To Be (Presente)
Forma Afirmativa | Forma Negativa | Forma Interrogativa
- I am (I'm) | I am not (I'm not) | am I? (soy, estoy / no soy, no estoy / ¿soy yo?, ¿estoy yo?)
- You are (you're) | You are not (you're not) | are you? (eres, estás / no eres, no estás / ¿eres tú?, ¿estás tú?)
- He is (he's) | He is not (he's not) | is he? (él es, está / él no es, no está / ¿es él?, ¿está él?)
- We are (we're) | We are not (we're not) | are we? (somos, estamos / no somos, no estamos / ¿somos?, ¿estamos?)
- You are (you're) | You are not (you're not) | are you? (sois, estáis / no sois, no estáis / ¿sois?, ¿estáis?)
- They are (they're) | They are not (they're not) | are they? (ellos son, están / ellos no son, no están / ¿son, están ellos?)
El Verbo To Be (Pasado)
English Grammar Notes
To Be - Affirmative
| Subject | To Be | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| I | was | I was tired this morning. |
| You | were | You were very good. |
| He | was | He was the best in his class. |
| She | was | She was late for work. |
| It | was | It was a sunny day. |
| We | were | We were at home. |
| You | were | You were on holiday. |
| They | were | They were happy with their test results. |
To Be - Negative Sentences
The negative of To Be can be made by adding not after the verb (was or were).
| Subject | To Be | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| I | was not | I was not tired this morning. |
| You | were not | You were not crazy. |
| He | was not | He was not married. |
| She | was not | She was not famous. |
| It | was not | It was not hot yesterday. |
| We | were not | We were not invited. |
| You | were not | You were not at the party. |
| They | were not | They were not friends. |
| Affirmative | Question |
|---|---|
| I was late | Was I late? |
| You were sick. | Were you sick? |
| He was surprised. | Was he surprised? |
| She was from Italy. | Was she from Italy? |
| It was a big house. | Was it a big house? |
| We were ready. | Were we ready? |
| You were early. | Were you early? |
| They were busy. | Were they busy? |
Presente Simple (Simple Present)
Present simple. Form: Affirmative, Negative, Interrogative
I work, You work, He works, She works, It works, We work, You work, They work
I don't work, You don't work, He doesn't work, She doesn't work, It doesn't work, We don't work, You don't work, They don't work
Do I work?, Do you work?, Does he work?, Does she work?, Does it work?, Do we work?, Do you work?, Do they work?
Simple Present Forms
Most Verbs
Most verbs conjugate like the verb "run" below. Notice how you add an "s" to third-person forms. Third-person negative forms and third-person questions are made using "does."
| Positive | Negative | Question |
|
|
|
Pasado Simple (Past Simple)
El pasado simple se utiliza para hablar de una acción concreta que comenzó y acabó en el pasado. En este caso equivale al pretérito indefinido español. Generalmente, lo usamos con adverbios de tiempo como "last year", "yesterday", "last night"...
Ejemplos:
AFIRMATIVO: Tom stayed at home last night. (Tom se quedó en casa anoche.)
AFIRMATIVO: Kate worked last Saturday. (Kate trabajó el sábado pasado.)
NEGATIVO: I didn't go to the party yesterday. (No fui a la fiesta ayer.)
PREGUNTA: Did they walk to school this morning? (¿Han andado a la escuela esta mañana?)
Envases y Contenedores (Containers)
bag
a bag of sweets
bolsa
barrel
a barrel of beer
barril
basket
a basket of fruit
canasta
bottle
a bottle of wine / mineral water
botella
box
a box of pencils / cereals
caja
bowl
a bowl of soup
bol, tazón
bucket
a bucket of water
balde
can
a can of soup
lata
carton
a carton of milk
cartón
case
a case of wine
caja
crate
a crate of apples
cajón
cup
a cup of coffee
taza
flask
a flask of hot water
termo
jar
a jar of jam / pickles
frasco / jarro
jug
a jug of water / juice / lemonade
jarra
mug
a mug of hot chocolate / beer
tazón, jarrito
pack
a pack of cigarettes
paquete
pot
a pot of soup
olla
sack
a sack of potatoes / flour
bolsa / saco
tin
a tin of sardines
lata
tube
a tube of toothpaste
tubo
tub
a tub of yoghurt / ice cream
pote
Vocabulario del Hogar y Mobiliario
Living Room Furniture
Setted(s), armchair(s), coffee table(s), display cabinet(s), hifi stand(s), tv cabinet(s)
Other things you may find in a living room
Television(s) / TV(s), HiFi(s), speaker(s), cushion(s), rug(s)
Kitchen Furniture
Table(s), chair(s), bin(s)
Other things you may find in a kitchen
Cooker(s) / oven(s), microwave (oven)(s), fridge(s), dishwasher(s), tap(s), coffee maker(s), food mixer(s), liquidiser(s)
Cooking Equipment
Saucepan(s), frying pan(s), sieve(s), kettle(s), teapot(s), spatula(s), tin opener(s), knife (knives), whisk(s)
Bedroom Furniture
| bed(s) | bedside cabinet(s) | bedside table(s) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| dressing table(s) | wardrobe(s) | chest of drawer(s) |
Other things you may find in a bedroom
| brush(es) | comb(s) | hair dryer(s) |
|---|---|---|
| pillow(s) | sheet(s) | clothes |
La Hora y La Fecha
La Hora (Time)
2:05 - formal: five past the hour, five past two
2:05 - informal: five past two (también)
La Fecha (Date)
June, 20th 1997 / 20 de junio de 1997 March, 3rd 2001 / 3 de marzo de 2001
Descripción Personal y del Hogar (Self Description)
My name is José Ángel and my surname is Guerro Agüera. I live in Spain. I am Spanish. My address is 9, Jiménez de la Espada Street. My telephone number is 620591722. I am a student and a carpenter. I am twenty-five years old.
I am young. I am tall and slim. I have got small black and green eyes. I am good-looking and handsome.
I am simple, I have got two sisters. My sister's name is Ana, she is twenty-four years old. She is a social worker. Her eyes are green and she is short. She is very beautiful. I haven't got any children. My parents' names are Cecilio and Lucía. My father is unemployed and my mother is a housewife.
I live in an apartment. There are eight rooms in my apartment. I have got a beautiful bedroom. There is a bed and there are some lamps in my bedroom.
The kitchen is big. There is a chair and there are some cupboards. I have not got a garden.