Chuletas y apuntes de Inglés de Secundaria

Modal Verbs: Expressing Ability, Permission, and More

Modal verbs are essential for expressing a wide range of meanings in English. They add nuance to your sentences, indicating possibility, ability, permission, and more. Let's explore the various modal verbs and their common uses:

Expressing Ability

• Can (3): Ability, Request, Possibility
• Be able to (2): Ability, Possibility
• Can't (3): No Ability, Prohibition, Deduction
• Could (4): Past Ability, Polite Request, Polite Suggestion, Possibility

Expressing Possibility and Permission

• Might (1): Possibility
• May (2): Possibility, Polite Request

Expressing Advice and Obligation

• Should/Ought to (1): Advice
• Need to/Have to (1): Necessary Obligation
• Must (2): Obligation, Strong Deduction
• Mustn't (1): Prohibition
• Don'

Versión en Inglés: The Elephant and the Blind Men

Once upon a time, there were six blind men who lived in a village in India. One day, as they were talking, the first man said, "There is an elephant in the next village."

"What's an elephant?" the second man asked.

The first man replied, "I don't know." He asked all the other men, but none of them knew. So, they decided to go to the next village to find out.

The Encounter with the Elephant

When they arrived, the first blind man touched the elephant. He couldn't see it, but he could feel it. He felt its trunk. "An elephant is like a snake," he said. "It's long and rubbery."

The second man touched the elephant. He couldn't see it, but he could feel it. He felt its tusks. "No, no – an elephant is... Continuar leyendo "La Sabiduría de Escuchar: El Elefante y los Hombres Ciegos" »

Adjetivos y Verbos Frasales

Adventurous: aventurero/a
Alike: parecido/a
Amused: entretenido/a; que hace gracia
Amusing: divertido/a, gracioso/a
Apply for: pedir, solicitar, presentar una solicitud para
Aware of: consciente de
Bored: aburrido/a
Boring: aburrido/a
Bring up: criar (a)
Chore: faena, tarea (doméstica)
Colourful: colorido/a, de colores vivos
Colourless: incoloro/a
Creative: creativo/a; original
Dependable: serio/a, formal, digno/a de confianza
Easy-going: poco exigente, tolerante
Embarrassed: avergonzado/a
Embarrassing: embarazoso/a, comprometido/a
Fiancé: prometido
Fit in: encajar, adaptarse
Furious: furioso/a
Get a job: conseguir un trabajo
Get along: llevarse bien
Get an award: recibir un premio
Get back: volver, regresar
Get dark: anochecer, oscurecer
Get

Condicionales

Tipo 1: Situaciones reales

1.- If you STUDY hard, you WILL PASS the exams - probably
Si ESTUDIAS mucho, PASARÁS los exámenes - probablemente

Tipo 2: Situaciones hipotéticas

2.- If you STUDIED hard, you WOULD PASS your exams - hypothetical
Si ESTUDIARAS mucho, PASARÍAS tus exámenes - hipotético

Tipo 3: Situaciones imposibles

3.- If you HAD STUDIED hard, you WOULD HAVE PASSED your exams - impossible
Si HUBIERAS ESTUDIADO mucho, HUBIERAS PASADO tus exámenes - imposible

Vocabulario

Salud

• Aching (muscles) - agujetas
• Broken (bone) - hueso roto
• Bruised (knee) - rodilla amoratada
• Sore (back) - dolor de espalda
• Swollen (ankle) - tobillo hinchado
• Dislocated (shoulder) - hombro dislocado
• Injury - lesión
• Itchy (skin) - piel irritada
• Sprained (wrist)

Essential English Phrases for Beginners

Here are some essential English phrases to get you started:

Greetings

• Hola buenos dias: Hello; Good morning
• Hola buenos tardes: Hello; Good afternoon
• Hola, buenas noches: Hello, good evening or Good night

Introductions and Basic Questions

• ¿Cómo estás?: How are you?
• Bien, gracias: Fine, thanks
• ¿Cuál es tu nombre?: What's your name?
• Mi nombre es: My name is Jose
• ¿Cuál es tu apellido?: What's your surname?
• Mi apellido es: My surname is Castelo
• Perdona, ¿puedes deletrearlo, por favor?: Excuse me, can you spell it, please?
• Sí: Yes, S-I C-A-S-T-E-L-O
• ¿Cuál es tu número de teléfono?: What's your phone number?
• Mi número de teléfono es: My phone number is one two five six seven
• ¿De dónde eres?: Where are you from?

Vocabulario en inglés

Definiciones y ejemplos

Traducción de Me gusta, Me encanta, Me divierte:

En inglés, la persona y el verbo concuerdan. Es una construcción diferente del castellano.

Ejemplos:

• Me gusta el café → I like coffee (= gusto café)
• Les encantaron tus regalos → They loved your presents.
• Me divirtió la película → I enjoyed the film.

Cómo expresar existencia:

En inglés no se emplea el verbo have, sino la construcción there + forma correspondiente de be. Es decir:

• there is, there was, there will be, there would be...
• there are, there were...

Cómo expresar habitualidad en presente y en pasado:

• Para expresar habitualidad en el presente, empleamos el present simple con algún adverbio de frecuencia.
• Solo en el pasado usamos el verbo modal used to para indicar "solía". En negativa:

Este documento proporciona una referencia clara y concisa sobre los pronombres, adjetivos posesivos y verbos más comunes en inglés, fundamentales para construir oraciones correctas y comunicarse eficazmente.

Pronombres y Adjetivos Posesivos

Pronombres Sujeto (Subject Pronouns)

Los pronombres sujeto reemplazan al sustantivo que realiza la acción del verbo.

• I - (yo) – I am only human. (Yo solo soy humano.)
• You - (tú/usted) – You eat everything. (Tú comes de todo.)
• He - (él) – He works in a factory. (Él trabaja en una fábrica.)
• She - (ella) – She is my sister. (Ella es mi hermana.)
• It - (ello/a) – It is the correct answer. (Ello es la respuesta correcta.)
• We - (nosotros/as) – We understand the teacher. (Nosotros entendemos a la profesor(

Feelings

- Anxious = Anxious

- Ashamed = Ashamed

- Bored = Bored

- Confused = Confused

- Cross = Angry

- Delighted = Delighted

- Disappointed = Disappointed

- Embarrassed = Embarrassed

- Envious = Envious

- Excited = Excited

- Frightened = Frightened

- Proud = Proud

- Relieved = Relieved

- Shocked = Shocked

- Suspicious = Suspicious

- Terrified = Terrified

- Upset = Upset

Personality Traits

- Flexible = Flexible

- Hard-working = Hardworking

- Honest = Honest

- Kind = Kind

- Loyal = Loyal

- Organised = Organized

- Outgoing = Outgoing

- Patient = Patient

- Reliable = Reliable

- Sensitive = Sensitive

- Shy = Shy

Age

- Be an adult = Be an adult

- Be a centenarian = Be someone who is 100 years old or more

- Be an infant = Be an infant

- Be a toddler = Be a toddler

- Be a young child