Vocabulario y Gramática en Inglés: Cine, Trabajo, Colocaciones y Estructuras Clave con Traducción al Español

Vocabulario en Inglés

Sustantivos (Nouns) relacionados con el cine

hoom / aguilón

box-office hit / éxito de taquilla

cast / reparto

character / personaje

figure / filmgoer (espectador de cine)

gender / género

leading role / papel principal

plot / trama

script / guion

set / plató

stunt / doble

Verbos (Verbs) relacionados con el cine

dub / doblar

look on / buscar en

outnumber / superar numéricamente

reflect / reflejar

raise one's voice / levantar la voz

responsibility / responsabilidad

take one's time / tomarse su tiempo

Colocaciones (Collocations)

make a choice / tomar una decisión

raise a question / hacer una pregunta

take a risk / correr un riesgo

make a suggestion / hacer una sugerencia

raise awareness / crear conciencia

take action / tomar acción

make an appointment / pedir una cita

raise children / educar a los hijos

take part / participar

make money / ganar dinero

raise issues / plantear problemas

take place / tener lugar

make progress / avanzar

raise money / recaudar dinero

take / llevar

make sense / tener sentido

raise one's voice / levantar la voz

responsibility / responsabilidad

take one's time / tomarse un tiempo

Vocabulario del Trabajo

Sustantivos (Nouns)

clerk / oficinista

deadline / fecha límite

field / campo

nonsense / disparates

overtime / horas extra

pay rise / aumento de sueldo

people skills / habilidades sociales

perk / ventaja, beneficio

position / puesto

qualification / cualificación

resignation / renuncia

shift / turno

sick leave / baja por enfermedad

slave / esclavo

starvation / inanición

steady job / trabajo estable

teamwork / trabajo en equipo

wage / salario

Verbos (Verbs)

glare / destello

mumble / murmurar

rehearse / ensayar

trace / rastro

Adjetivos (Adjectives)

fond of / aficionado a

part-time / tiempo parcial

reliable / confiable

rewarding / gratificante

seasonal / estacional

Expresiones (Expressions)

burnt out / quemado (agotado)

dead-end job / trabajo sin futuro

get fired / ser despedido

get (one's) foot in the door / meter el pie en la puerta

get paid peanuts / cobrar una miseria

hold down a job / mantener un trabajo

make a living / ganarse la vida

make up one's mind / decidirse

out of work / sin trabajo

pull one's weight / cargar con su parte

rat race / carrera de ratas

room for advancement / espacio para el ascenso

team player / jugador de equipo

tricks of the trade / trucos del oficio

work (one's) way up / abrirse camino

Gramática

La voz pasiva (Passive Voice)

Activa: They pay the actors well.

Pasiva: The actors are paid well.

• Presente simple: am / is / are + past participle. Most Hollywood films are directed by men.
• Pasado simple: was / were + past participle. This video was watched by over a million viewers.
• Futuro simple: will + be + past participle. The script will be read soon.
• Modales: modal + be + past participle. Another child actor must be found.
• Perfectos modales: modal + have been + past participle. You could have been injured during the stunt.
• Presente continuo: am / is / are being + past participle. The director is being kept very busy.
• Pasado continuo: was / were being + past participle. At 8.00, the costumes were being delivered.
• Presente perfecto simple: have / has been + past participle. It has been translated into many languages.
• Pasado perfecto simple: had been + past participle. The dog had been caught before it hurt anyone on the set.

Verbos con doble construcción en pasiva

Algunos verbos (say, think, believe, know, report y expect) pueden escribirse de dos formas en pasiva.

Activa: People believe that films with female leads are less successful.

1. It is believed that films with female leading roles are less successful.
2. Films with female leads are believed to be less successful.

El causativo (The Causative)

Forma: have / get + object + past participle

Uso: Se utiliza para referirse a una acción que alguien realiza por nosotros. No hay diferencia de significado entre have y get, aunque get es más informal.

They have / get their makeup put on by a professional.

We had / got the costumes made by a French designer.

Oraciones de relativo (Relative Clauses)

• who / that (personas): He's the clerk who / that started to work here last week.
• which / that (objetos, animales): She works in an office which / that is located in town.
• when (tiempo): The morning is the time when Adam opens the shop.
• where (lugar): Here's the restaurant where I work at weekends.
• whose (posesión): This is the man whose business makes £7 million a year.

Cláusulas de relativo especificativas y explicativas

Una cláusula de relativo modifica a un sustantivo y se introduce con un pronombre relativo. Siempre va después del sustantivo al que modifica.

Especificativa (defining): aporta información esencial para identificar el sustantivo. No lleva comas.

Forty-Five a Month is a story that takes place in India.

Explicativa (non-defining): aporta información no esencial para identificar el sustantivo. Se separa de la oración principal con comas.