Dominio del Reported Speech, Voz Pasiva y Causativa en Inglés

Reported Speech

Cambios en los tiempos verbales y expresiones temporales al pasar de estilo directo a indirecto:

• Do/Does + verbo normal → Did + verbo normal
• Did + verbo normal → Had + verbo en 3ª columna
• Has/Have + 3ª columna → Has/have + 3ª columna
• Will → Would
• Am/is/are + verbo -ing → Was/were + verbo -ing
• Was/were + verbo -ing → Se queda igual
• Has/Have + been + v-ing → Had/hadn’t + been + v-ing
• Had/hadn’t + been + v-ing → Se queda igual

Expresiones temporales

• This → That
• Today → That day
• These → Those
• Now → Then
• A year ago → A year before
• Last week → The previous week
• Tomorrow → The following day
• Next week → The following week
• Here → There

Reported Questions

Yes/No questions: Siempre se responde con if y con el cambio de tiempo correspondiente.

Reporting verb + me/to + if + el resto.

• Do you like football? → He asked me if I liked football.
• Are you from Scotland? → He asked me if I was from Scotland.

W/H questions: Preguntas con where, when, why, how, etc.

• Where did you go last night? → She asked me where I had gone the previous day.
• How old are you? → She asked me how old I was.

La Pasiva (Passive Voice)

Regla general de transformación:

• 1 palabra se convierte en 2
• 2 palabras en 3
• 3 palabras en 4

Ejemplos de transformación

• Buy → Is bought
• Are buying → Is being bought
• Bought → Was bought
• Were buying → Was being bought
• Have bought → Has been bought
• Had bought → Had been bought
• Can/must/should buy → Can/must/should be bought

Ejemplo: Sally has broken the window → The window has been broken by Sally.

Will: Funciona igual que los modales (will + be + 3ª columna).

Ejemplo: My dad will lose the case → The case will be lost by my dad.

La Causativa (Causative Form)

Estructura: Get/have + objeto + 3ª columna

• Verbo pasado: Had/got
• Verbo -ing: Getting/having
• Verbo presente: Have/get

Ejemplos

• Someone is repairing my TV right now → I am getting my TV repaired right now.
• The optician checked my sight last month → I had my sight checked last month.
• Someone should shorten your dress for the wedding → You should get your dress shortened for the wedding.

Condicionales

• Zero Conditional: Verdad universal. Presente simple + presente simple.
• First Conditional: Mucha posibilidad, pero no estamos seguros. Presente simple + will/won’t + verbo.
• Second Conditional: No es probable; para hablar de deseos y sueños. Sujeto + v2 (pasado) + complemento + would + verbo.
• Third Conditional: Had + v3 (participio) + would have + v3 (participio).