Vocabulario Esencial y Tiempos Verbales en Inglés: Glosario y Ejercicios

Vocabulario y Gramática en Inglés

Glosario de Términos

Deportes y Competición

• Award: premio, galardón
• Awesome: increíble, asombroso/a
• Break a record: batir un récord
• Championship: campeonato
• Defeat: derrotar, vencer
• Feat: proeza, acrobacia (tricks and ~s: saltos y figuras acrobáticas)
• Opponent: adversario/a, contrincante
• Perform: realizar, poner en práctica (~ well: jugar bien)
• Runner-up: subcampeón/ona
• Score: anotar (un tanto), marcar
• Spectator: espectador/a
• Take up: empezar a practicar

Conceptos Generales y Estilo de Vida

• A means: (of / to) una manera / forma (de)
• Achieve a goal: alcanzar una meta / un objetivo
• Approach: enfoque, planteamiento
• Attach: poner, colocar
• Ban: prohibir
• Draw: atraer
• Misfit: inadaptado/a social
• Neglected: descuidado/a, desatendido/a
• On the rise: en auge
• Outsider: extraño/a, forastero/a
• Scruffy: caótico/a, complicado/a
• Spread: extenderse
• Stunt: escena de riesgo; acrobacia
• Thrill: emocionar, entusiasmar
• Tough: difícil, complicado/a

Compound Nouns (Sustantivos Compuestos)

• Lifestyle: estilo de vida
• Passerby: peatón/ona, transeúnte
• Role model: modelo a imitar / seguir
• Self-discipline: autodisciplina
• Setback: revés, contratiempo
• Teammate: compañero/a de equipo
• Time-waster: persona que se dedica a perder el tiempo
• Troublemaker: alborotador/a, agitador/a
• Workout: ejercicio, entrenamiento
• World record: récord mundial

Verbs and Prepositions (Verbos y Preposiciones)

• Agree to: aceptar
• Agree with: estar de acuerdo con
• Arrive at: llegar a (un lugar)
• Arrive in: llegar a (una ciudad, un país)
• Believe in: creer en
• Blame for: echar la culpa / culpar (a alguien / algo) de / por
• Blame on: echar la culpa / culpar (de algo) a
• Complaint about: quejarse de
• Concentrate on: concentrarse / centrarse en
• Develop into: convertirse en
• Glance at: echar un vistazo a
• Praise for: alabar / elogiar por
• Remind of: recordar (alguien) a
• Remind to: recordar hacer algo
• Succeed in: tener éxito / triunfar en; conseguir

Tiempos Verbales en Inglés

• Present simple: every day, sometimes, always, often, usually, seldom, never, first…then. Auxiliares: do, does (añade -s, -es en afirmativa).
• Present continuous: now, at the moment, look!, listen! Auxiliares: am, is, are + verbo-ing.
• Past simple: last…, …ago, in 1990, yesterday. Auxiliar: did (2ª columna de verbos irregulares).
• Past continuous: while. Auxiliares: was, were + verbo-ing.
• Present perfect simple: just, yet, never, already, so far, up to now, since, for, recently. Auxiliares: have, has (3ª columna de verbos irregulares).
• Present perfect continuous: all day, the whole day, how long, since, for. Auxiliares: have, has been + verbo-ing.
• Past perfect simple: already, just, never. Auxiliar: had (3ª columna de verbos irregulares).
• Past perfect continuous: how long, since, for. Auxiliar: had been + verbo-ing.
• Will: will + infinitivo.
• Going to: am, is, are + going to + infinitivo.

Ejercicios de Transformación de Oraciones

1. My dad went horse riding for the first time yesterday. (never) → My dad had never gone horse riding before yesterday.
2. They started dating three years ago. (for) → They have been dating for three years.
3. We will win a game one day. (yet) → We haven’t won a game yet.
4. When did you first start playing rugby? (How long) → How long have you been playing rugby?
5. She is still eating breakfast. (finished) → She hasn’t finished breakfast yet.
6. I last spoke to Sarah in May. (since) → I haven’t spoken to Sarah since May.
7. It’s the first time he has cooked dinner for us. (never) → He had never cooked dinner for us before.
8. They began studying French two years ago. (for) → They have been studying French for two years.
9. I’m still doing my homework. (finished) → I haven’t finished my homework yet.
10. When did you start working at this company? (How long) → How long have you been working at this company?
11. She hasn’t seen that movie before. (first) → It’s the first time that she has seen that movie.
12. We met each other five years ago. (known) → We have known each other for five years.
13. This is the first time I’ve driven a car. (never) → I have never driven a car before.
14. He began collecting stamps when he was ten. (since) → He has been collecting stamps since he was ten.
15. I hope to visit New York one day. (yet) → I haven’t visited New York yet.