Vocabulario y Condicionales en Inglés: Cambios, Logros y Gramática Práctica

1. Change

influence/influencing: influir

inspire / inspired: inspirar / inspirado

make advances in: hacer avances en

make improvements to: hacer mejoras en

make the world of difference: marcar diferencias

overcome difficulties: superar dificultades

remarkable achievement: logro notable

seek ways to improve: buscar maneras de mejorar

transform: transformar

turning point: punto de inflexión

2. Aim here (cuadro morado)

considerable change: cambio considerable

dramatic change: cambio dramático

far-reaching change: cambio de gran alcance

refreshing change: cambio refrescante

subtle change: cambio sutil

unexpected change: cambio inesperado

3. Palabras del texto

city-dwelling (adj): que vive en la ciudad

complex (adj): complejo

doorstep (n): umbral

expand (v): expandir

go through (phr v): pasar por

move into (phr v): mudarse a

surroundings (n): alrededores

under the radar: en el radar

take over (phr v): tomar el control

thrive: prosperar

turn out: resultar

4. Phrasal verbs

come up against (phr v): enfrentarse a

get on with (phr v): llevarse bien con

look back on (phr v): recordar

miss out on (phr v): perderse

keep up with (phr v): mantenerse al día con

stand up for (phr v): defender

5. Sustantivos compuestos

breakthrough (n): avance

changeover (n): cambio

downfall (n): caída

drop-off (n): disminución

setback (n): contratiempo

upbringing (n): crianza

6. Condicionales

Zero conditional

If + present simple, ... present simple.

First conditional

If + present simple, ... will + infinitive.

Second conditional

If + past simple (V2 / -ed), ... would + infinitive.

Third conditional

If + past perfect (had + V3 / -ed), ... would + have + past participle (V3 / -ed).

Mixed conditional

Tipo 1: If + past perfect, ... would + infinitive.

La acción ya ha ocurrido y no se puede cambiar, pero su consecuencia aún no ha pasado, aunque la frase nos da a entender que es inevitable porque la causa previa ya ha ocurrido.

Tipo 2: If + past simple, ... would have + past participle.

Situación hipotética en el presente y la consecuencia es algo que ya ha ocurrido.

I wish / If only

Subject + wish + subject + past perfect (para arrepentimientos del pasado)

Subject + wish + subject + past simple (para arrepentimientos del presente)

Subject + wish + subject + would (para quejas)

Otra opción para empezar es con If only..., pero se usa la estructura de arriba.

7. Ejercicios

Ejercicio 1

1. have joined
2. don't
3. downloaded
4. would respect
5. hadn't improved
6. will avoid
7. is
8. would seek
9. save up
10. pass

Ejercicio 2

• They would fund...
• She will help it.
• If I had read their...
• I wouldn't have completed...
• If there hadn't been a lot of...

Ejercicio 3

Condicionales

Ejercicio 4

• inspire people
• advances in
• overcome difficulties
• transform your life
• a remarkable achievement
• seek ways...
• inspire the government
• make improvements to
• a turning point
• make a world of advances

Ejercicio 5

• If we just get on with...
• You'll miss out on...
• Things didn't turn out...
• Let's stand up for...
• If I look back on...