Tiempos Verbales y Redacción de Cartas en Inglés: Estructura y Usos

Tiempos Verbales y Redacción en Inglés

Past Continuous (Pasado Continuo)

Utilizado para momentos específicos del pasado.

• I / he / she / it was talking
• You / we / they were talking

Estructura

• (+) Suj + (was / werre) + -ing (gerundio)
• (-) Suj + (was / were) + "not" + -ing (gerundio)
• (?) Was / were + suj + -ing?

Usos

1. Se utiliza para 1 acción larga en el pasado y que fue interrumpida: He was walking to work when he fell.
2. Utilizado para hablar sobre acciones en 1 tiempo específico en el pasado: Paula wasn't living in Spain in 2005.
3. Utilizado para 2 acciones que estaban ocurriendo al mismo tiempo en el pasado: My son was reading while I was cooking.

Past Simple (Pasado Simple)

Acciones acabadas que tuvieron lugar en 1 tiempo pasado (cantaba).

• (+) Suj + verb (-ed o irregular) + complements: I visited the cathedral yesterday / He understood the film the first time he saw it.
• (-) Suj + didn't + verb + complements: I didn't visit the cathedral yesterday.
• (?) (Partícula interrogativa) + did + suj + verb + complements + ?: When did you visit the cathedral? / Did he understand the film?

Reglas ortográficas

• Los verbos que acaban en -e se complementan con -d: invite - invited.
• Los verbos que acaban en consonante + -y, cambian la y por -ied: study - studied.
• Los verbos que acaban en (C + V + C), doblan la consonante final y se agrega -ed: travel - travelled.

Present Continuous (Presente Continuo)

I'm doing: Something that is happening at or around the time of speaking. The action is not finished: The water is boiling. Can you turn it off? / I'm going to bed now. Goodnight!

Stative Verbs

Stative verbs are not used in continuous tenses:

like, love, hate, want, need, prefer, know, realise, suppose, mean, understand, believe, remember, belong, contain, consist, depend, seem.

Estructura

(+) I'm reading, (-) I'm not reading, you/we/they aren't reading, he/she isn't reading, (?) am I reading?, are you reading?, is he/she reading?, are we/you/they reading?. (C+V+C) duplican la última consonante.

Present Simple (Presente Simple)

I do: Used for things in general or things that happen repeatedly.

Ex: water boils at 100 degrees Celsius / What do you usually do at weekends?

For a permanent situation: My parents live in London. They have lived there all their lives.

• I / you / we / they: talk, eat, learn, watch, do, go...
• He / she / it (añadimos una -s): talks, eats, learns, watches, does, goes...

Estructura

• (+) Suj + verb.: I talk
• (-) Suj + verb auxiliar (to do) + aux negativo (not) + verb principal: He doesn't eat / They don't learn.

Usos

1. Se utiliza para hablar de cosas que suceden habitualmente (always, everyday, usually, often, sometimes, rarely, hardly ever, never...): He never eats vegetables / They usually learn something new in class.
2. Se utiliza para hablar de generalidades o hechos específicos.
3. Se usa para eventos programados en el futuro próximo.
4. Se usa para instrucciones: Open the window.

Estructura de Cartas y Correos Electrónicos en Inglés

Formal Letter

• Derecha arriba: mi dirección
• Izquierda más abajo: dirección a donde va
• Dear Sir,
• [Text]
• Thank you in advance,
• Yours faithfully,

Informal Letter & E-mail

• Arriba derecha: dirección (si es carta)
• Dear...
• [Text]

Some Useful Expressions

• - Dear (name)...
• - Yours, / Regards, / Best wishes, / Love (from)
• - It seems ages since I last wrote / I've been meaning to write to you for ages.
• - What's your new flat / job / boss like?
• - It would be really nice to see you again / I do hope you can come / Anyway... / By the way... / I'm looking forward to hearing from you soon / Write soon...