Tiempos Verbales en Inglés: Resumen Completo de Gramática y Conjugación

Tiempos Verbales en Inglés y Estructuras Gramaticales

Pasados y Presentes

• Past Simple (“yo hice”): I + ed o 2ª columna.
• Past Continuous (“yo estaba haciendo”): I was + ing.
• Past Perfect (“yo había hecho”): I had + 3ª columna.
• Present Perfect (“yo he hecho”): I have + 3ª columna.

Adverbios y Marcadores Temporales

• Still, yet: todavía
• Since: desde
• Just: acaba de
• Already: ya ha hecho
• For: para / durante

Futuro

• Future Perfect: will have + 3ª columna (ej: we will have finished - habremos acabado).
• Future Continuous: will be + ing (yo estaré jugando).
• Future Simple: will + do/play (yo jugaré).

Condicionales (Conditional Sentences)

• Zero Conditional: If + Presente Simple + Presente Simple (verdades universales). Ej: If you heat water, it boils (si calientas el agua, hierve).
• First Conditional: If + Presente Simple + Futuro (acciones posibles). Ej: If it rains, we won’t play tennis.
• Second Conditional: If + Pasado Simple + Would (acciones irrealizables o hipotéticas). Ej: If I were the President, I would pass a new law.

Estilo Indirecto (Reported Speech - R.S.)

Direct Speech: Tania: "I am fine"
Reported Speech: Tania said she was fine.

Tabla de Cambios en Tiempos Verbales

• Simple Present ➔ Simple Past (work ➔ worked)
• Present Continuous ➔ Past Continuous (am/are/is working ➔ was/were working)
• Present Perfect ➔ Past Perfect (have/has worked ➔ had worked)
• Simple Future ➔ Simple Conditional (will work ➔ would work)

Otros Cambios en el Estilo Indirecto

• Adverbiales:
  • here ➔ there
  • now ➔ then
  • today ➔ that day
  • yesterday ➔ the day before
  • tomorrow ➔ the next day
• Pronombres:
  • this ➔ that
  • these ➔ those
• Modal Verbs:
  • can ➔ could
  • may ➔ might
  • must ➔ had to
• Reported Commands (Órdenes):
  "Go out!" ➔ She ordered him to go out.
  (told, ordered, asked) + infinitivo.
  "Don't smoke here" ➔ The guard told them not to smoke there.
• Reported Questions (Preguntas):
  "Are you tired?" ➔ She asked me if I was tired.
  "Where do you live?" ➔ She asked me where I lived.

Estructura de verbos: Infinitivo - Past Simple (2ª columna) - Past Participle (3ª columna)

Ejercicios y Práctica

Práctica de Tiempos Pasados

He learned (él aprendió), had watched (había visto), lost, came (2ª columna), had finished, found (find - encontrar), had lost, died, had started, was, had learned, learned, was, had never seen, was, had composed.

Past Simple vs Present Perfect

Have you lost (cuándo las has perdido); saw (las vi); haven't you seen (¿no las has visto?); left (me las dejo); have done; was.

Vocabulario Útil

• Wait: esperar
• Think: pensar
• Fue: was
• Too: demasiado
• Sell: vender
• Shining: brillar
• Enjoyed: disfrutar
• Realized: darse cuenta
• Send: enviar / pasar
• Feel: sentir
• Leave: dejar
• Lay: estar (tumbado)

Voz Pasiva (Passive Forms)

1. The TV was invented in 1924 by J.
2. The winner will be announced today.
3. The others were written and directed by A.
4. His diaries have been published recently.
5. Too much time is spent watching TV.
6. Children are affected by violent programmes.
7. Illegal videos were being sold at the market.