Resumen de Gramática en Inglés: Tiempos Verbales, Gerundios, Reported Speech, Pasiva y Modales
Inglés5,03 KB
Tiempos Verbales en Inglés (Verb Tenses)
- Present Continuous: Sujeto + be (am/is/are) + verbo-ing
- Past Simple: Sujeto + verbo regular en -ed / irregular (2ª columna)
- Past Continuous: Sujeto + was/were + verbo-ing
- Present Perfect: Sujeto + have/has + participio pasado (-ed / 3ª columna)
- Past Perfect: Sujeto + had + participio pasado (-ed / 3ª columna)
- Future Simple: Sujeto + will + infinitivo
- Be going to: Sujeto + to be + going to + infinitivo
- Future Perfect: Sujeto + will have + participio pasado (-ed / 3ª columna)
- Future Continuous: Sujeto + will be + verbo-ing
Gerundios e Infinitivos (Gerund vs. Infinitive)
Verbos seguidos de Gerundio (-ing)
Admit, advise, avoid, can't help / stand / imagine / face, complete, consider, discuss, dislike, don't mind, enjoy, finish, forget, give up, hate, imagine, keep, like, love, mention, mind, miss, practise, recommend, regret, remember, report, resist, risk, start, stop, suggest, try, understand.
Verbos seguidos de Infinitivo (to + verbo)
Afford, agree, appear, arrange, ask, attempt, beg, choose, consent, dare, decide, demand, deserve, expect, fail, forget, hesitate, hope, intend, learn, like, manage, mean, need, offer, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, remember, seem, threaten, wait, want, wish.
Estilo Indirecto (Reported Speech)
Cambios en los tiempos verbales:
- Simple Present → Simple Past
- Present Continuous → Past Continuous
- Present Perfect → Past Perfect
- Present Perfect Continuous → Past Perfect Continuous
- Simple Past → Past Perfect
- Past Continuous → Past Perfect Continuous
- Past Perfect → Past Perfect (sin cambios)
- Future (will) → Conditional (would)
- Future Perfect → Conditional Perfect
- Conditional → Conditional Perfect
- Can → Could
- Must → Had to
- May → Might
Expresiones temporales y de lugar en Reported Speech:
- Now: then
- Today: that day
- Yesterday / last week / a month ago: the previous day / week / month (the previous X)
- Tomorrow / next week: the following day / week (the following X)
- Here: there
- This / these: that / those
La Voz Pasiva (The Passive Voice)
- help → are helped
- are helping → are being helped
- helped → were helped
- were helping → were being helped
- have helped → have been helped
- had helped → had been helped
- will help → will be helped
- will have helped → will have been helped
- should help → should be helped
- must have helped → must have been helped
- have to help → have to be helped
- are going to help → are going to be helped
Verbos Modales (Modal Verbs)
- Can: poder o no poder (habilidad o permiso en presente).
- Could: podías o no podías (habilidad en pasado o petición formal).
- Be able to: expresar habilidad o capacidad; se utiliza habitualmente con will o have.
- Be allowed to: tener permiso; se conjuga con will, was/were, etc.
- Must: obligación firme interna o deducción afirmativa.
- Have to: obligación externa o por normas.
- Needn't / Don't have to: no existe obligación, ausencia de necesidad.
- Need to: necesidad.
- Mustn't: prohibición absoluta.
- Should: recomendaciones, sugerencias y consejos.
- May: posibilidad o permiso formal.
- Might: posibilidad remota.
- Can't: deducción negativa o imposibilidad.