Responsabilidad en El Niño con el Pijama de Rayas y Tiempos Verbales en Inglés

Responsabilidad en la Muerte de Bruno y Shmuel

The blame for Bruno and Shmuel's death is mostly on Bruno's father, because he was a Nazi commandant and worked in the concentration camp. That place was very dangerous, and if he had not been part of that system, Bruno would never have ended up there; besides, he did not tell Bruno the truth about the camp, and if he had, maybe Bruno would not have been so curious and that would not have happened.

Bruno died because he wanted to help his friend Shmuel look for his father inside the camp, and nobody noticed that he went inside. That happened because his father didn't explain to him properly what that place was and the dangers it had. He thought it was just a farm or something, because no one told him the truth. If his father had told him what was really going on, he wouldn't have gone in.

The Nazi system is also to blame, which allowed places like that to exist, where they treated innocent people very badly just because they were Jewish. That system was very cruel, and because of it many people died, including Bruno and Shmuel.

In short, the fault lies with Bruno's father for working there and not protecting his son, and also with the Nazi regime, which created such an unjust and dangerous world that even an innocent child like Bruno ended up dying.

Gramática Inglesa: Tiempos Verbales y Estructuras

Present Simple

• Affirmative: Subject + base verb (add -s or -es to the verb if the subject is he / she / it). Example: I play football.
• Negative: Subject + don’t / doesn’t + base verb (Use don’t with I / you / we / they; use doesn’t with he / she / it). Example: I don’t like broccoli.
• Interrogative: Do / Does + subject + base verb? (Use Do with I / you / we / they; use Does with he / she / it). Example: Do you like pizza?

Present Perfect

• Affirmative: Subject + have / has + past participle (verb in 3rd form). Use have with I / you / we / they; use has with he / she / it. Example: I have eaten breakfast.
• Negative: Subject + haven’t / hasn’t + past participle. Use haven’t with I / you / we / they; use hasn’t with he / she / it. Example: I haven’t seen that movie.
• Interrogative: Have / Has + subject + past participle? Example: Have you ever been to London?

Past Tenses

• Past Simple: Finished actions in the past. Example: He watched a movie last night.

Future Forms

• Future Continuous: Action in progress in the future. Example: ✅ This time tomorrow, I will be flying to Paris.
• Future Perfect Simple: Action completed before a future time. Example: ✅ By next week, I will have finished the book.
• Future Perfect Continuous: Action continuing up to a future point. Example: ✅ By July, she will have been working here for five years.

Modals

• Advice (present): ✅ You should study more.
• Prohibition (present): ✅ You must not smoke here.
• Deduction (past): ✅ He must have forgotten the meeting.

Reported Speech (Questions)

Change direct questions into indirect (reported) ones.

• Direct: "Where are you?"
• Reported: ✅ She asked where I was.

Passive Voice

Focus on the action or result, not who does it.

• Active: They cleaned the room.
• Passive: ✅ The room was cleaned.

Conditionals + Alternatives

(as long as, providing that…, I wish, if only)

• ✅ You can go out as long as you finish your homework.
• ✅ I wish I knew the answer. (but I don’t)

Zero Conditional

Used for facts, rules, or things that are always true.

Structure: If + present simple, present simple

If you heat water to 100°C, it boils.

First Conditional

Used for real possibilities in the future.

Structure: If + present simple, will + base verb

If it rains, we will stay at home.

Second Conditional

Used for unreal or hypothetical situations in the present or future.

Structure: If + past simple, would + base verb

* If I won the lottery, I would travel the world.

Third Conditional

Used for unreal situations in the past (things that didn’t happen).

Structure: If + had + past participle, would have + past participle

* If I had studied, I would have passed the exam.