Reported Speech en Inglés: Reglas, Cambios de Tiempo y Errores Comunes

• Present simple → Past simple
  “I work” → He said he worked
  (Past simple = verbo en pasado: worked, went, ate)
• Present continuous → Past continuous
  “I am working” → He said he was working
• Past simple → Past perfect
  “I worked” → He said he had worked
• Present perfect → Past perfect
  “I have worked” → He said he had worked
• Can → Could
  “I can go” → He said he could go
• May → Might
  “I may go” → He said he might go
• Will → Would
  “I will go” → He said he would go
• Have to → Had to
  “I have to go” → He said he had to go

• Say + (that)
  She said (that) she was tired
• Tell + persona
  She told me that she was tired
• Ask (preguntas)
  He asked me if / where...

Cambios típicos

• today → that day
• tomorrow → the next day
• this → that
• now → then

Errores típicos

• ❌ say me → ✔️ tell me
• ❌ asked me where do I work → ✔️ where I worked
• ❌ told to me → ✔️ told me
• ❌ asked me don’t → ✔️ asked me not to

Reporting verbs

• ask → ask for / if
• complain → complain about
• agree → agree with
• tell → tell someone
• explain → explain to someone

Significados clave (MUY IMPORTANTE)

• arise → aparecer (problema)
• rise → subir
• raise → subir algo / mencionar / criar

Phrasal verbs equivalentes

• arise → come up
• raise (mention) → bring up
• raise (increase) → put up
• rise → go up
• raise (child) → bring up

Frases clave (para reconocer en examen)

• problems arise = aparecen problemas
• prices rise = suben precios
• raise taxes = subir impuestos
• raise a child = criar

Tip final (IMPORTANTE)

Si hay persona después → TELL

Si es pregunta → ASK
Si no hay persona → SAY

• ask → ask someone for
• tell → tell someone
• invite → invite to
• agree with → persona
• agree to → cosa
• complain → about

groin = ingle
buttock = glúteo
hip = cadera
heel = talón / tacón
instep = empeine
belly button = ombligo
nipple = pezón
forearm = antebrazo
upper arm = parte entre el codo y el hombro
back heel = taconazo

to ban = prohibir
a ban = prohibición
censorship = censura
to censor = censurar
current affairs = actualidad
broadsheet = periódico clásico
to publish = publicar (prensa)
to broadcast = emitir
circulation figures = números vendidos
the media = los medios
to enrol = matricularse
enrolment = matrícula

nostril = agujero de la nariz
ear lobe = lóbulo
eyebrows = cejas
eyelashes = pestañas
adam’s apple = nuez
nape of your neck = nuca
thumb = dedo gordo
knuckle = nudillo

fingers:
index = índice
middle = medio
ring = anular
pinky = meñique