Protocolos de aplicación, transporte e Internet en el modelo TCP/IP

Describe the most important application protocols that operate at the TCP/IP model.

Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) governs how files such as text, graphics, sound, and video are exchanged on the Internet or World Wide Web (WWW).

Telnet is an application that you can use to access, control, and troubleshoot remote computers and network devices.

File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a set of rules governing how files are transferred. FTP allows multiple simultaneous connections to remote file systems.

Simple Mail Transport Protocol (SMTP) provides messaging services over TCP/IP and supports most Internet e-mail programs.

Domain Name System (DNS) translates domain names, such as www.cisco.com, to IP addresses.

Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) is a page description language. Web designers use HTML to indicate to web browser software how the page should look. HTML includes tags to indicate boldface and italic type, line breaks, paragraph breaks, hyperlinks, and insertion of tables, among other instructions.

Describe the most important transport protocols that operate at the TCP/IP model.

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is the primary Internet protocol for the reliable delivery of data. TCP includes facilities for end-to-end connection establishment, error detection and recovery, and metering the rate of data flow into the network. Many standard applications, such as e-mail, web browser, file transfer, and Telnet, depend on the services of TCP.

User Datagram Protocol (UDP) offers a connectionless service for delivery of data. UDP uses lower overhead than TCP and doesn't handle issues of reliability. Network management applications, network file system, and simple file transport use UDP.

Describe the most important Internet protocols that operate at the TCP/IP model.

Internet Protocol (IP) provides source and destination addressing, much like the address and return address on a postal envelope. In conjunction with routing protocols, IP provides packet-forwarding information from one network to another.

Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) is used for network testing and troubleshooting. It enables diagnostic and error messages. The ping application uses ICMP echo messages to test if a remote device can be reached.

Routing Information Protocol (RIP) operates between router devices to discover paths between networks. In an intranet, routers depend on a routing protocol to build and maintain information about how to forward packets toward the destination. RIP chooses routes based on the distance or hop count to the destination.

Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is used to map the MAC address of a node on the network when its IP address is known. End stations as well as routers use ARP to discover MAC addresses.