Present Simple, Present Continuous y Vocabulario de Salud en Inglés: Guía de Estudio

1. Present Simple

Estructura afirmativa

I / You / We / They: Subject + verb

I play soccer. They study English.

He / She / It: Subject + verb + s/es

She plays soccer. He studies English.

Negativa

I / You / We / They + don't + verbo.

I don't play. (Yo no juego)

He / She / It + doesn't + verbo.

She doesn't play. (Ella no juega)

Pregunta

Do + I / you / we / they + verbo?

Do you play? (¿Tú juegas?)

Does + he / she / it + verbo?

Does she play? (¿Ella juega?)

2. Present Continuous — Presente continuo

Estructura afirmativa: Subject + am/is/are + verb-ing

I am studying. = Estoy estudiando.
She is eating.
They are playing.

Negativa: Subject + am/is/are + not + verb-ing.

She isn't sleeping. = Ella no está durmiendo.

Pregunta: Am/Is/Are + subject + verb-ing?

Is she sleeping? = ¿Ella está durmiendo?

Reglas para agregar -ing

• Play → Playing
• Make → Making
• Run → Running
• Sit → Sitting

Reglas importantes:

• Agregamos -ing al verbo.
• Si termina en -e, quitamos la e y agregamos -ing: make → making.
• En algunos verbos cortos, duplicamos la consonante final: run → running, sit → sitting.

3. Should — Debería

Estructura: Subject + should + verbo en forma base.

You should drink water. = Deberías beber agua.
She should rest. = Ella debería descansar.

Shouldn't — No debería

Estructura: Subject + shouldn't + verbo en forma base.

You shouldn't eat too much candy.
He shouldn't smoke.

Cómo hacer preguntas

Colocamos should al principio.

Estructura: Should + subject + verbo en forma base?

Should I see a doctor? = ¿Debería ir al médico?
Should she rest? = ¿Debería descansar?

4. Orden de adjetivos y adjetivos en plural

Orden: Opinion + Size + Age + Color + Noun

Opinion = opinión | Size = tamaño | Age = edad | Color = color | Noun = sustantivo (persona, animal o cosa)

A big old house. = Una casa grande y vieja.
A cute black cat. = Un gato lindo y negro.

Adjetivos en plural (Adjectives in plural)

A red apple. = Una manzana roja.
Two red apples. = Dos manzanas rojas.

En inglés, agregamos la marca de plural al sustantivo pero no al adjetivo.

Correcto: two beautiful girls. | Incorrecto: two beautifuls girls.

5. Feelings and emotions

Regla: usamos feel + adjetivo o be + adjetivo para expresar emociones.

I feel nervous. = Me siento nervioso/a.
She is happy. = Ella está feliz.

• Angry = enojado
• Arrogant = arrogante
• Bored = aburrido
• Confused = confundido
• Curious = curioso
• Jealous = celoso
• Lonely = solitario
• Nervous = nervioso
• Sad = triste
• Scared = asustado
• Disgusted = asqueado
• Happy = feliz
• Shy = tímido
• Tired = cansado

6. Vocabulario

Head and face

• Head = cabeza
• Forehead = frente
• Eyebrow = ceja
• Eyes = ojos
• Ears = orejas
• Nose = nariz
• Cheeks = mejilla
• Mouth = boca
• Chin = barbilla
• Hair = pelo
• Beard = barba
• Mustache = bigote

Body — Cuerpo

• Neck = cuello
• Shoulders = hombros
• Chest = pecho
• Stomach = estómago
• Waist = cintura
• Hips = caderas
• Side = costado
• Arm = brazo
• Elbow = codo
• Thigh = muslo
• Leg = pierna
• Knee = rodilla

Hand and foot

Hand — Mano

• Hand = mano
• Wrist = muñeca
• Knuckles = nudillos
• Fingernail = uña de la mano
• Fingers = dedos de la mano
• Thumb = pulgar
• Index = índice
• Middle = medio
• Ring = anular
• Little = meñique

Foot — Pie

• Foot = pie
• Ankle = tobillo
• Heel = talón
• Toes = dedos del pie
• Big toe = dedo gordo del pie
• Toenail = uña del pie

Plurales irregulares:

Foot → Feet = pie → pies
Tooth → Teeth = diente → dientes

7. Health problems — Problemas de salud

• Headache = dolor de cabeza
• Stomachache = dolor de estómago
• Earache = dolor de oído
• Toothache = dolor de muela
• Sore eye = ojo irritado
• Colic = cólicos
• Spasm = espasmo

Illnesses and injuries — Enfermedades y lesiones

• Fever = fiebre
• Cold = resfriado
• Flu = gripe
• Cough = tos
• Runny nose = nariz que moquea
• Chicken pox = varicela
• Cut = cortada
• Bruise = moretón
• Nosebleed = sangrado de nariz
• Broken bone = hueso roto

Primeros auxilios

• Electric shock = descarga eléctrica. Separate the person from the appliance or wire.
• Burns = quemaduras. Put the affected area under cool water.
• Broken bone = hueso roto. Immobilize the area.
• Severe cut = corte severo. Cover the area and press hard.
• Drowning = ahogamiento. Call an ambulance.
• Poisoning = intoxicación por sustancias tóxicas. Take the person to the hospital with the container. Call an ambulance.

8. Health vocabulary — Vocabulario de salud

People and places — Personas y lugares

• Doctor = doctor
• Clinic = clínica
• Nurse = enfermero/a
• Hospital = hospital
• Pharmacy = farmacia
• Ambulance = ambulancia

Medicines and supplies — Medicamentos y suministros

• Band-aid = curita
• Pills = pastillas
• Injection / Shot = inyección
• Syrup = jarabe
• Drops / Eye drops = gotas
• Prescription = receta médica
• Vitamins = vitaminas
• Ointment = pomada
• Aspirin = aspirina
• Inhaler = inhalador

Equipment — Equipo médico

• First aid kit = botiquín
• Thermometer = termómetro
• Stethoscope = estetoscopio
• X-ray = radiografía
• Wheelchair = silla de ruedas
• Stretcher = camilla