Manual Completo de Tiempos Verbales, Pronombres y Phrasal Verbs
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Present Continuous / Present Progressive
Se utiliza para describir acciones que están ocurriendo en el momento actual.
Estructura
Subject + verb to be + verb-ing
| Afirmativo | Negativo | Interrogativo |
|---|---|---|
| I am studying | I am not studying | Am I studying? |
| She is working | She isn’t working | Is she working? |
| They are playing | They aren’t playing | Are they playing? |
Reglas del -ING
- Normal: Solo agregas -ing. (play → playing, eat → eating, work → working)
- Si termina en “e”: Se elimina la “e”. (make → making, dance → dancing, write → writing)
- Vocal + consonante: Se duplica la consonante final. (run → running, swim → swimming, sit → sitting)
Time Expressions
Comunes en el Present Continuous: now, right now, at the moment, today.
- She is studying now.
- They are playing at the moment.
Going to (Be Going To)
Se utiliza para planes, intenciones o decisiones previamente meditadas.
Estructura
Subject + am/is/are + going to + verb
- Afirmativo: I am going to study.
- Negativo: I’m not going to study.
- Interrogativo: Am I going to study?
Will
Se utiliza para decisiones rápidas, predicciones y promesas.
Estructura
Subject + will + verb
- Afirmativo: I will help.
- Negativo: I won’t help.
- Interrogativo: Will you help?
Ejemplo de promesa: "I will always love you."
Possibility: May
Se utiliza para expresar posibilidad. (Ejemplo: It may rain tomorrow).
Resumen de Tiempos Futuros
- Will: Decisión rápida.
- Going to: Planes.
- Present Continuous: Planes ya organizados.
Relative Pronouns
- Who: Para personas. (The boy who is running is my brother).
- Which: Para cosas o animales. (The car which is red is mine).
- That: Para personas o cosas. (The dog that barked is angry).
- Whose: Posesión. (The girl whose phone is pink is my friend).
- Where: Lugares. (The school where I study is big).
- When: Tiempo. (I remember the day when we met).
Defining vs. Non-Defining Relative Clauses
- Defining: Información necesaria, no llevan comas. (The student who studies a lot passes exams).
- Non-Defining: Información extra, sí llevan comas. (My brother, who lives in Canada, is visiting us).
Phrasal Verbs
- Come back: Regresar.
- Go up: Subir.
- Pick out: Escoger.
- Set up: Instalar/preparar.
- Set back: Retrasar.