Guía de computadoras personales: tipos, componentes y funcionamiento

Activity 1

Write a meaning using your own words these words.

Personal Computer: The computer is for personal use, but other accounts can be created so that more people can use the computer.

In basic terms, a computer is an electronic device that processes data, converting it into information that is useful to people.

Desktop: The desktop computer is much more powerful, but it is not portable due to its large size.

Workstation: It is a computer with better hardware performance, for example, for the creation of games or 3D designs.

PDA: They are smaller computers, which are held in one hand, use internal memory and do not use a hard drive. They are generally used for data entry jobs, for example, by postmen.

Laptop: This computer model was created for portability, so you can take it anywhere. They are compact and lightweight, and they work with rechargeable batteries.

Activity 2

Activity 3

Hardware: Refers to the physical parts of the computer and its components.

Software: Refers to programs or operating systems.

CU: Is the control unit, where it manages the computer devices and performs instructions to obtain a result.

All the computer's resources are managed from the control unit. It acts as a traffic signal directing the flow of data through the CPU as well as to and from other devices.

Data: Refers to the information or files of the user, according to the profile or work performed.

User: Refers to the people who operate the computers.

Answers

1. What is the essential part of the computer?
The main part of the computer is the CU, where the processes are carried out.

The procedure that transforms raw data into useful information is called processing. The processor is like the brain of the computer system.

2. What does CPU mean?
It means Central Processing Unit.

4. What memory devices did you study?
RAM memory, which is volatile, with reading and writing processes.
ROM memory, which is not volatile, with a read-only process.

5. What does Control Unit mean?
Control Unit.

The procedure that transforms raw data into useful information is called processing. The processor is like the brain of the computer system.

ALU
The work of the ALU is to perform arithmetic and logical operations. Arithmetic operations include addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.

III. Create a sentence with the collocations from the box.

Give presentations | Keep records | Access database | Enter a PIN | Transfer money

1. I use the PowerPoint program to create my presentations.
2. I use my digital surveillance camera to record the scenes of my house.
3. To access the room, the teacher uses her fingerprint to access the database of registered fingerprints.
4. To enter a PIN or a code, I use the numeric keys of the keyboard.
5. To make a money transfer, I use my smartphone with a touch screen.

IX. Rewrite the sentences using who / which / that like in the example.

Some people were arrested. They are free now. → Some people who were arrested are free now.

who: que, quién, el cual, la cual, los cuales, las cuales (para personas)

which: que, lo que, el cual, lo cual, la cual, los cuales, las cuales (para cosas)

that: que, el que, la que, los que, las que (para personas y cosas)

1. A man answered my e-mail. He told me you were away.
The man who answered my e-mail told me you were away.

2. A technician repairs my computer. He is very professional.
The technician who repairs my computer is very professional.

3. The technical desk works every day of the year.
The technical desk that works every day of the year.

4. My father works for a computing company. It has more than 100 employees.
My father works for a computing company that has more than 100 employees.

5. A dictionary is a book. It gives you the meaning of words.
A dictionary is a book that gives you the meaning of words.

X. Say if the relative clause is necessary in the sentence. Put into brackets ( ) the unnecessary ones like in the example.

I have the keys (that) you lost.

1. The people (who) work in the office are very friendly.
2. The man (who) I talked to was very nice to me.
3. What did you do with the money (that) I gave you?
4. The parts (that) I bought don't fit my computer very well.
5. Esteban is the person who answers the e-mails of the company.
6. This is the printer which is for sale.
7. Here you have the catalog that you need.
8. A webmaster is someone who designs websites.
9. The girl who had the laptop is in the classroom now.
10. That is the website which was on fire last night!

Activity 4

Especificar un PC

It has an AMD Ryzen 7 (seven) processor. It's very fast. Its speed is 2700 (two thousand seven hundred) MHz (GHz) per second.
Its standard RAM memory is 8 (eight) GB DDR4, and it is expandable to 32 GB.
The hard disk is a solid 120 (one hundred twenty) GB disk.
I need a large, flat LCD screen because it has better technology and is wider.
As for internet, a connection of 40 Mbps.

PERSONAL COMPUTER

The most common type of computer is the personal computer: a computer designed to sit on a desk or table. These are the systems you see all around you, in schools, homes, and offices.

A complete computer system consists mainly of four parts:

1. Hardware (The computer)
2. Software (Programs)
3. Data (Information)
4. User (People)

Hardware

The mechanical devices that make up the computer are called hardware. A computer's hardware consists of interconnected electronic devices that you can use to control the computer's operation, input, and output.

Software

Software is a set of instructions that makes the computer perform tasks. In other words, software tells the computer what to do. Here, the program refers to any piece of software.

Data

Data consists of individual facts or pieces of information that by themselves may not make much sense to a person. A computer's primary job is to process these tiny pieces of data in various ways, converting them into useful information.

Users

People are the computer operators, also known as users. One can argue that some computer systems are complete without a person's involvement; however, no computer is totally autonomous.

RAM is like an electronic scratch pad inside the computer.