Gramática Inglesa y Vocabulario Esencial: Tiempos Verbales, Condicionales y Estilo Indirecto

Gramática Inglesa

Present Simple (PS)

Estructura: sujeto + verbo (-s) / sujeto + do/does + verbo / ¿Do/does + sujeto + verbo?

Adverbios de frecuencia: always, usually, sometimes, after, never, hardly.

Expresiones de tiempo: tomorrow, this evening, now, at the moment, right now.

Present Continuous (PC)

Estructura: sujeto + am/is/are + verbo (-ing) / sujeto + am/is/are + not + verbo (-ing) / ¿Am/is/are + sujeto + verbo (-ing)?

Adverbios y expresiones: never, ever, recently, just, already, yet, since, for.

Present Perfect (PP)

Estructura: sujeto + have/has + past participle / sujeto + haven't/hasn't + past participle / ¿Have/has + sujeto + past participle?

Future Continuous (FC)

Estructura: will be + verbo (-ing)

Future Perfect (FP)

Estructura: will have + 3.ª columna (-ed)

Voz Pasiva

• Present Simple: am/is/are + verbo -ed
• Past Simple: was/were + verbo -ed
• Future Simple: will be + verbo -ed
• Past Perfect: had been + verbo -ed
• Present Continuous: am/is/are being + verbo -ed
• Past Continuous: was/were + verbo -ed
• Present Perfect: has/have been + verbo -ed

Oraciones Condicionales

• 0.ª condicional: If + sujeto + present simple, sujeto + present simple.
• 1.ª condicional: If + sujeto + present simple, sujeto + will/won't + infinitivo.
• 2.ª condicional: If + sujeto + past simple, sujeto + would/wouldn't + infinitivo.
• 3.ª condicional: If + sujeto + past perfect, sujeto + would/wouldn't + have + past participle.

Estilo Indirecto

• Present simple → past simple
• Present continuous → past continuous
• Present perfect → past perfect
• Past simple → past perfect
• Past perfect → past perfect
• will → would
• Yesterday → the day before
• Last night → the night before
• Last → the previous
• Can → could
• May → might
• Must / have to → had to
• This / these → that / those
• Here → there
• Today → that day
• Tomorrow → the next day
• Next → the following
• A → a

Vocabulario

• sing along: cantar juntos.
• be into: estar interesado por algo.
• take up: iniciar una actividad.
• fit in with: ser parecido a.
• move along: pedirte que te vayas.
• hang out: quedar.
• catchy tune: melodía que engancha.
• upbeat lyrics: letras que van con el ritmo.
• a shiver down your spine: escalofrío por la espalda.
• screeching: sonido chirriante.
• go to pieces: hacerse pedazos.
• on the spot: pillarte por banda.
• over the moon: estar por las nubes.
• fingers crossed: cruzar los dedos.
• gig: concierto.
• audience: audiencia.
• concert hall: sala de conciertos.
• drum kit: batería.
• headphones: auriculares.
• lead guitarist: líder guitarrista.
• microphone: micrófono.
• musical score: partitura.
• outdoor stage: escenario al aire libre.
• recording studio: estudio de grabación.
• rock concert: concierto de rock.
• violinist: violinista.
• venues: lugares donde se da el concierto.