Gramática inglesa: tiempos verbales, estilo indirecto y condicionales con ejercicios resueltos

Gramática inglesa: tiempos verbales, condicionales y estilo indirecto

1. Tiempos verbales en presente

Presente simple

Estructura: sujeto + verbo (s en la 3.ª persona) / Do / Does en negativas e interrogativas.

Marcadores temporales: every day, on + día, always, usually, often, sometimes, never, one a week, three times a month, in the evening.

Presente continuo

Estructura: am / is / are + verbo + ing.

Marcadores temporales: now, at the moment, right now, today, these days, this week.

Presente perfecto

Estructura: have / has + participio (ed o irregular).

Marcadores temporales: just, already, ever, always, never, yet, for, since.

2. Tiempos verbales en pasado

Pasado simple

Estructura: verbo en pasado (ed o forma irregular) / Did en negativas e interrogativas.

Marcadores temporales: ago, last night, last week, at + hora, on + día, yesterday.

Pasado continuo

Estructura: was / were + verbo + ing.

Marcadores temporales: ago, at + hora, yesterday, last night, while.

3. Voz pasiva

• Presente simple pasiva: am / is / are + participio.
• Pasado simple pasiva: was / were + participio.

4. Condicionales

• Primera condicional (posible en el presente o futuro): If + present simple + will + infinitivo.
• Segunda condicional (hipotética): If + past simple + would + infinitivo.

5. Vocabulario gramatical clave

• Enough: suficiente
• Too: demasiado
• As... as: tan... como
• For: por / durante
• Since: desde
• Ever: alguna vez
• Never: nunca
• Already: ya
• Just: acabar de
• Yet: ya (en negativas e interrogativas)

6. Estilo indirecto (reported speech)

Practica la transformación de oraciones al estilo indirecto:

1. That he worked in a bank.
2. That they had gone out the night before.
3. That she was coming.
4. That she had been waiting for the bus when he arrived.
5. That she had never been there before.
6. That she hadn't gone to the party.
7. That she would come later.
8. That he had eaten breakfast.
9. That she would help me the next day.
10. That I should go to bed early.
11. That she didn't like chocolate.
12. That she wouldn't see you the next day.
13. That she had been living in Paris for a few months.
14. That she had visited his parents at the weekend.
15. That she hadn't eaten sushi before.
16. That she hadn't travelled by underground before she came to London.
17. That they could help if they could.
18. That she could do the washing-up later.
19. That he could read when he was three.
20. That she had been sleeping when Julie called.

7. Ejercicios de práctica

Ejercicio A: Elige el tiempo correcto

1. She writes / She is writing emails every day.
2. I don't read / I am not reading the newspaper on Sundays.
3. I am studying / I study English at the moment.
4. I used to have / I had a dog when I was a child.
5. Did you use / Did you used to play football?

Ejercicio B: Corrige las oraciones

1. Did you hear the noise last night?
2. He believed everything she said.
3. I didn't suspect anything.
4. Is she listening to music now?
5. What was David doing when you arrived?
6. Did he try to call me?

Ejercicio C: Presente perfecto

1. I haven't used this computer before.
2. He has gone to the bank.
3. I haven't written the report yet.
4. Sara has sent the invitations.
5. We have already left the office.
6. Have you seen my keys?

Ejercicio D: Futuro y condicionales

1. I won't like the new film.
2. I am going to the cinema tonight.
3. Are they going to travel next summer?
4. Is Roger getting a new job?
5. Will it be sunny tomorrow?
6. I'm not going to the party.

Ejercicio E: Primera condicional

1. If you talk loudly, the baby will wake up.
2. If she leaves now, she will catch the train.
3. They will finish the project if they work hard.
4. If you win the match, we will celebrate.
5. She may want to come if she is free.
6. He mightn't think it is a good idea.

Ejercicio F: Comparativos

1. This jacket is as cheap as the other one.
2. Smartphones are the most popular gadgets.
3. These shoes aren't trendy enough.
4. The light is too bright for my eyes.
5. I love wearing comfortable clothes.
6. This car is as expensive as that one.