Gramática Inglesa Esencial: Modals, Linkers, Reported Speech y Voz Pasiva

Gramática Inglesa: Resumen de Estructuras Clave

Modal Verbs

Ability / Permission: can, could, be able to, be allowed to

Probability: must, might, could, may, can't

Obligation: must, have to, need

Consejo: had better + infinitive

Linkers

Contrast:

• although / though + oración = aunque
• despite the fact that / in spite of the fact that + oración = a pesar de que
• despite / in spite of + nombre, pronombre o gerundio = a pesar de

Purpose y Reason:

• to, in order (not) to, so as (not) to + infinitivo = para
• so, so that + oración = para que
• as, since + oración = como / ya que (conectores de causa)
• because of + nombre o sintagma nominal = debido a / porque

Result: so + adjetivo / such + sustantivo

Reported Speech (Estilo Indirecto)

Cambios de tiempos verbales

• Present simple (is) → Past simple (was)
• Present continuous (is living) → Past continuous (was living)
• Past simple (went) → Past perfect simple (had gone)
• Past continuous (was working) → Past perfect continuous (had been working)
• Present perfect simple (have eaten) → Past perfect simple (had eaten)
• Present perfect continuous (have been studying) → Past perfect continuous (had been studying)
• Past perfect simple (had gone) → NO CAMBIA
• Past perfect continuous (had been dancing) → NO CAMBIA

Cambios de modales

Will → Would | Can → Could | Must → Had to | Shall → Should | May → Might / Could

Cambios de expresiones de tiempo

• Today → That day
• Yesterday → The day before
• The day before yesterday → Two days before
• Tomorrow → The next day
• The day after tomorrow → In two days' time
• Next week / year → The following week / year
• A year ago → A year before

Verb Patterns

Verb + object + to infinitive: ask, tell, advise, invite, warn, expect, remind, force, persuade, order, teach, recommend, encourage, allow, permit

Verb + to infinitive: promise, offer, threaten, agree, claim, refuse, prefer, afford, swear

Verb + ing: admit, confess, deny, prefer, avoid, suggest, miss

Verb + object + preposition + ing: apologize for, insist on, congratulate someone on, complain about, accuse someone of

The Passive Voice (Voz Pasiva)