Gramática Inglesa: Condicionales, Verbos Modales, Cláusulas Relativas, Wish, Despite/Although y Voz Pasiva

CONDITIONALS

I don't have a computer, so I can't type the essay on English grammar.

- If I had a computer, I would be able to type the essay on English grammar.

If your friend doesn't come before ten, he will miss the train.

- Unless your friend comes before ten, he will miss the train.

Wendy didn't study for her test. Therefore, she failed.

If Wendy had studied for her test, she wouldn't have failed.

I didn't make a note of it in my diary, so I forgot about it.

- If I had made a note of it in my diary, I wouldn't have forgotten about it.

She made a lot of mistakes because she didn't study hard for the exam.

- If she had studied hard for the exam, she wouldn't have made a lot of mistakes.

If the tickets don't arrive, we won't be able to go.

- Unless the tickets arrive, we won't be able to go.

If you don't review your notes tonight, you won't do well tomorrow.

- Unless you review your notes tonight, you won't do well tomorrow.

I have failed all my exams at the university because I didn't study enough.

- If I had studied enough, I wouldn't have failed all my exams at the university.

I didn't go to the gym yesterday because my foot hurt.

- If my foot hadn't hurt, I would have gone to the gym.

If your boyfriend doesn't arrive before eight, we will have to leave.

- Unless your boyfriend arrives before eight, we will have to leave.

If we don't meet this month, it will be too late.

- Unless we meet this month, it will be too late.

I don't know her address, so I can't write to her.

- If I knew her address, I would be able to write to her / I could write to her.

I didn't open the door because I didn't know it was you.

- If I had known it was you, I would have opened the door.

I didn't invite Beth. I had forgotten her telephone number.

- If I hadn't forgotten Beth's telephone number, I would have invited her.

She divorced him because he was so terrible to her.

- If he hadn't been so terrible to her, she wouldn't have divorced him.

We didn't visit the museum because we hadn't time.

- If we had had time, we would have visited the museum.

She can't come to the party because she is so busy.

- If she wasn't so busy, she could come to the party.

He didn't revise for the test, so he failed.

- If he had revised for the test, he wouldn't have failed.

If you don't hurry up, you won't get tickets for the concert.

- Unless you hurry up, you won't get tickets for the concert.

You won't understand the problem if you don't listen carefully.

- Unless you listen carefully, you won't understand the problem.

I don't earn much money. It's a pity I can't buy a new car.

- If I earned much money, I could buy a new car.

MODAL VERBS

It is possible that I finish work earlier than usual today. I may finish work earlier than usual today.

I am not sure that she is his girlfriend.

- She might be his girlfriend.

Smoking is forbidden in hospitals.

- You mustn't smoke in hospitals.

It's possible that her boyfriend is coming to the wedding.

- Her boyfriend may come to the wedding.

The fireman managed to rescue the child from the burning house.

- The fireman was able to rescue the child from the burning house.

I am going to the theatre tomorrow, and I'm really looking forward to it.

- I'm really looking forward to going to the theatre tomorrow.

It is possible that we'll be together soon.

- We may be together soon.

You must not smoke in here.

- Smoking is forbidden here.

Smoking is forbidden in most restaurants.

- You mustn't smoke in most restaurants.

Perhaps they only open the museum in the morning.

- They may only open the museum in the morning.

If you want my advice, go to the dentist!

- You should go to the dentist.

I'm sure they are at home. The lights are on.

- They must be at home because the lights are on.

I'm sure she's telling lies.

- She must be telling lies.

In my opinion, taking some exercise would be good for you.

- You should take some exercise.

If you want my advice, don't eat so many cakes!

- You shouldn't eat so many cakes.

I am sure she knows you are here.

- She must know you are here.

They don't allow smoking in this room.

- You mustn't smoke in this room.

Maybe your friend will call you on your birthday.

- Your friend may call you on your birthday.

He knows how to play golf.

- He can play golf.

It's not necessary for you to make your bed.

- You don't have to make your bed. / You needn't make your bed.

RELATIVE CLAUSES

This is the place. We last had coffee together here.

This is where we last had coffee together.

This is the man. His job is very dangerous.

This is the man whose job is very dangerous.

That man's brother is my new English teacher.

That is the man whose brother is my new English teacher.

My new neighbours have got a baby. Her name is Wendy.

My new neighbours have got a baby whose name is Wendy.

Fiona is smiling in the picture. She is my boss.

Fiona, who is my boss, is smiling in the picture.

This is the man. His dog bit my brother in the park.

This is the man whose dog bit my brother in the park.

Sharon is going to marry a man. He is Eric's brother.

The man who Sharon is going to marry is Eric's brother.

Shakespeare was a famous writer. He wrote beautiful sonnets.

Shakespeare, who was a famous writer, wrote beautiful sonnets.

Albert is coming back from hospital tomorrow. He has just broken his ankle.

Albert, who has just broken his ankle, is coming back from hospital tomorrow.

That woman's husband is my boss.

That is the woman whose husband is my boss.

They didn't pay for the ring.

This is the ring which they didn't pay for.

I saw a man later. He was the president of the European Community.

The man, who(m) I saw later, was the president of the European Community.

The Da Vinci Code is a best-seller. It was written by Dan Brown.

The Da Vinci Code, which was written by Dan Brown, is a best-seller.

I visited a village yesterday but I did not like it.

I visited a village yesterday which I did not like.

WISH

I love German. Unfortunately, I can't speak it fluently.

I wish I could speak German fluently.

I regretted having hit the dog on the head.

I wish I hadn't hit the dog on the head.

I would like to have more free time these days.

I wish I had more free time these days.

I am sorry I didn't tell him everything.

I wish I had told him everything.

I'm sorry I haven't got a car.

I wish I had got a car.

What a pity I didn't have time to see you last week.

I wish I had had time to see you last week.

I'm sorry I can't speak French perfectly.

I wish I could speak French perfectly.

Mary was sorry she ate so many cakes.

Mary wished she hadn't eaten so many cakes.

It's such a pity you can't come along!

I wish you could come along.

I'm sorry I didn't work hard enough last year.

I wish I had worked hard enough last year.

I'm sorry we accepted the invitation.

I wish we hadn't accepted the invitation.

I'm sorry I didn't go shopping with you.

I wish I had gone shopping with you.

I am sorry I didn't remember your birthday.

I wish I had remembered your birthday.

What a pity the weather was so bad last weekend.

I wish the weather hadn't been so bad last weekend.

DESPITE / ALTHOUGH

Despite having been vaccinated, she caught the flu.

Although she had been vaccinated, she caught flu.

Although the weather was horrible, we went skiing.

In spite of the horrible weather, we went skiing.

She lost the race in spite of running well.

Although she ran well, she lost the race.

Although Orson was over seventy, he continued to cycle to work every day.

Despite being over seventy, Orson continued to cycle to work every day.

Despite the fact that it was very hot, she was wearing her winter clothes.

Although it was very hot, she was wearing her winter clothes.

Although she was ill, she visited other countries.

Despite being ill, she visited other countries.

Although it was cold, we went to the countryside.

In spite of being cold, we went to the countryside.

In spite of her beauty, she doesn't have a boyfriend.

Although she is (very) beautiful, she doesn't have a boyfriend.

Although he was exhausted, he managed to finish reading the novel.

Despite being exhausted, he managed to finish reading the novel.

Although she was poor, she was happy.

In spite of being poor, she was happy.

Although the weather was awful, they had a great time.

In spite of the awful weather, they had a great time.

Despite the fact that the questions were difficult, she got a high mark in her exam.

Although the questions were difficult, she got a high mark in her exam.

PASSIVE VOICE

The teacher glued the pieces of the broken toy.

The pieces of the broken toy were glued by the teacher.

Everybody must read the instructions first.

The instructions must be read first.

People speak English all over the world.

English is spoken all over the world.

I am having my house painted now.

My house is being painted now.

This story will shock you.

You will be shocked by this story.

You should post these letters.

These letters should be posted.

The shop assistant didn't give us the ticket.

We weren't given the ticket by the shop assistant.

Fleming discovered penicillin in 1928.

Penicillin was discovered in 1928 by Fleming.

You can make green paint by mixing blue and yellow.

Green paint can be made by mixing blue and yellow.

They didn't tell me the secret.

I wasn't told the secret.

The teenager in red has broken the window.

The window has been broken by the teenager in red.

The teacher didn't tell us the answer.

We weren't told the answer by the teacher.

They have found the stolen money.

The stolen money has been found.

People consider that he is an expert on cricket.

He is considered to be an expert on cricket.

They have given us a Roald Dahl novel.

We have been given a Roald Dahl novel.

London will fascinate you.

You will be fascinated by London.

They will tell us the news tomorrow night.

We will be told the news tomorrow night.