Gramática Inglesa Completa: Tiempos Verbales, Pasiva y Condicionales

Tabla Completa de Tiempos Verbales en Inglés

Verb tenses

Estructuras Temporales y Reglas Clave

By + a time = no later than (no más tarde de)

For + period of time (how long) -> for 20 years

During + noun (when) -> During the summer

Ando / endo: -ing

Ado / ido: -ed / 3ª columna

Have / has / had +: -ed / 3ª columna

Am / is / are / was / were +: -ing

Estaré: will be

Habré: will have

No se pone –ed / 2ª columna en preguntas ni en negativas en el pasado simple.

Recuerda la –s de 3ª persona en el present simple afirmativo.

Passive Voice - All Tenses

They take the photos -> PRESENT SIMPLE -> The photos are taken

They are taking the photos -> PRESENT CONTINUOUS -> The photos are being taken

They have taken the photos -> PRESENT PERFECT -> The photos have been taken

They took the photos -> PAST SIMPLE -> The photos were taken

They were taking the photos -> PAST CONTINUOUS -> The photos were being taken

They had taken the photos -> PAST PERFECT -> The photos had been taken

They will take the photos -> FUTURE -> The photos will be taken

They are going to take the photos -> BE GOING TO -> The photos are going to be taken

They will have taken the photos -> FUTURE PERFECT -> The photos will have been taken

To take -> INFINITIVE -> to be taken

To have taken -> PERFECT INFINITIVE -> to have been taken

Taking -> GERUND -> being taken

He should receive a letter -> MODALS -> A letter should be received by him

A letter should be received by him -> MODAL PERFECT -> A letter should have been received by him

Causative Form

Present simple: He fixes his bike ➔ He has his bike fixed

Present continuous: He is fixing his bike ➔ He is having his bike fixed

Past simple: He fixed his bike ➔ He had his bike fixed

Past continuous: He was fixing his bike ➔ He was having his bike fixed

Future simple: He will fix his bike ➔ He will have his bike fixed

Future continuous: He will be fixing his bike ➔ He will be having his bike fixed

Present perfect: He has fixed his bike ➔ He has had his bike fixed

Present perfect continuous: He has been fixing his bike ➔ He has been having his bike fixed

Past perfect: He had fixed his bike ➔ He had had his bike fixed

Past perfect continuous: He had been fixing his bike ➔ He had been having his bike fixed

Infinitive -ing form: He should fix his bike ➔ He should have his bike fixed; It's worth fixing his bike ➔ It's worth having his bike fixed

Conditionals (Condicionales)

First Conditional

Present simple + will / won’t + verb

For example:

If it rains, we will cancel the trip.

If you study, you will pass the exam.

Second Conditional

Past simple + would + verb

If I won the lottery, I would travel a lot.

If they sold their house, they would be rich.

Third Conditional

Past perfect + would have + past participle

If you had studied, you would have passed the exam.

If I hadn’t been sick, I would have gone to your party.

Mixed Third / Second Conditional

would / could / might + infinitive

If I had been elected, I would be the president now.

If I had won the lottery, I would be rich.

I might have a better job now if I hadn’t dropped out of school.

Mixed Second / Third Conditional

would / could / might + have + past participle

If I were a man, they would have given me the job.

If I didn’t have so much work, I would have gone to the party last night.

I would have understood them if I spoke German.

Simple Present: I am a carpenter. ➔ He said that he was a carpenter (Simple Past).

Wish / If Only

Reported Speech (Estilo Indirecto)

Present simple (works) ➔ Past simple (worked)

Present continuous (am/are/is working) ➔ Past continuous (was/were working)

Past simple (worked) ➔ Past perfect (had worked)

Past continuous (was/were working) ➔ Past perfect continuous (had been working)

Present perfect (have/has worked) ➔ Past perfect (had worked)

Present perfect continuous (have/has been working) ➔ Past perfect continuous (had been working)

Past perfect simple (had worked) ➔ Past perfect simple (had worked)

Past perfect continuous (had been working) ➔ Past perfect continuous (had been working)

Future simple (will work) ➔ Would + infinitive (would work)

Reported Questions

Yes/no questions: Did you speak to Mary yesterday? She asked... ➔ ask + if/whether + S + V
She asked if/whether I had spoken to Mary.

Wh-questions: Who are you writing to? She asked... ➔ ask + wh- + S + V
She asked who I was writing to.

Time Expressions Changes

Now ➔ Then

Today ➔ That day

Tonight ➔ That night

Yesterday ➔ The previous day / the day before

Last week ➔ The previous week / the week before

A month ago ➔ The previous month / the month before

Tomorrow ➔ The following day / the next day / the day after

Next week ➔ The following week / the week after

Here ➔ There

This ➔ That

These ➔ Those

Pronombres y Adverbios Relativos

Which & that: cosas / animales

Who & that: personas

Whose (cuyo): posesión. Nunca es sujeto, no se puede omitir.

When & that: un momento en el tiempo

Where: lugares (no suele omitirse / no se sustituye por that)

Modal Verbs (Verbos Modales)