Gramática Inglesa Básica: Verbos to be, Present y Past Simple, Continuous y Verbos Irregulares

Verbo to be

Presente: am, is, are.

• I am
• You are
• He, she, it is
• We, you, they are

Present Simple

Se usa con expresiones de frecuencia: always, every, often, normally, usually, sometimes, seldom, never, first, then.

Regla de la tercera persona: cuando el verbo termina en s, ss, sh, ch, z, o, x, añadimos es.

Present Continuous

Se usa con expresiones de tiempo como: at this moment, today, now, right now, listen!, look!.

Se forma añadiendo -ING al verbo.

Past Simple

Afirmativas

• Regulares: añadimos -ED al verbo.
• Irregulares: ver la lista de verbos irregulares al final.

Negativas

Usamos did not (didn't) + verbo en infinitivo.

Preguntas

Cambiamos el orden: He did → Did he...?

Past Simple del verbo to be

• I, he, she, it was
• You, we, they were

Past Continuous

Se usa con was/were + verbo en -ING. Expresa dos situaciones:

Acciones simultáneas (a la vez)

Ejemplo: When I was cooking (cook) breakfast, you were working in the yard.

Acción interrumpida

Ejemplo: The police officer arrested (arrest) a man when he was attacking an old lady in the street.

Have Got

• I, you, we, they have got
• He, she, it has got

Árbol de la Familia

• Aunt - tía
• Cousin - primo/a
• Daughter - hija
• Daughter-in-law - nuera
• Father - padre
• Father-in-law - suegro
• Granddaughter - nieta
• Grandfather - abuelo
• Grandmother - abuela
• Grandson - nieto
• Husband - marido
• Mother - madre
• Mother-in-law - suegra
• Nephew - sobrino
• Niece - sobrina
• Son - hijo
• Son-in-law - yerno
• Uncle - tío

Palabras de Secuencia Temporal

After - después    Before - antes

Verbos Irregulares

• Begin - began - empezar
• Break - broke - romper
• Choose - chose - escoger
• Come - came - venir
• Cut - cut - cortar
• Do - did - hacer
• Drink - drank - beber
• Drive - drove - conducir
• Eat - ate - comer
• Find - found - encontrar
• Forget - forgot - olvidar
• Go - went - ir
• Have - had - tener
• Know - knew - saber
• Leave - left - dejar / salir
• Lose - lost - perder
• Make - made - hacer
• Meet - met - conocer
• Pay - paid - pagar
• Put - put - poner
• Read - read - leer
• Ring - rang - sonar / llamar por teléfono
• Run - ran - correr
• Say - said - decir
• See - saw - ver
• Spend - spent - gastar
• Sing - sang - cantar
• Sit - sat - sentarse
• Speak - spoke - hablar
• Swim - swam - nadar
• Take - took - tomar / coger
• Think - thought - pensar
• Understand - understood - entender
• Wear - wore - llevar puesto
• Win - won - ganar
• Write - wrote - escribir