Dominio Esencial de la Gramática y Vocabulario en Inglés

Gramática Esencial en Inglés

Repaso completo de las estructuras gramaticales fundamentales para dominar el idioma.

Cuantificadores

• Too: mucho
• Too much: demasiado (incontables)
• Too many: demasiadas (contables)
• Enough: suficiente

Ejemplos:

• Cinema tickets are too expensive.
• There's too much violence.
• Films are too long.
• I think it's enough.

Conectores Temporales

• When (cuando): se usa después de -ing.
• While (mientras): se usa antes de -ing.

Verbos Modales y de Obligación

• Have to: tener que
• Don't have to: no tener que
• Must: deber
• mustn't: no deber (prohibición)
• Need to: necesitar
• Don't need to: no necesitar
• Can: poder
• Could: podría
• Be able to: ser capaz de
• Should: debería
• Ought to: debe
• Allow: permitir / Allowed to: permitido

Ejemplos:

• I have to study.
• I don't have to study.
• I must do my homework.
• I mustn't smoke.
• You need to drink water.
• I don't need to drink.

Tiempos Verbales y Voz Pasiva

• Past Simple: usa -ed o la 2ª columna de verbos irregulares. Negativa/interrogativa con didn't / did (ej: did they go to...).
• Past Continuous: was o were + -ing.
• Present Continuous: are o is + -ing.
• Past Perfect: had + 3º columna (participio).
• Present Perfect: have o has + 3º columna (participio). Frecuentemente usado con since (desde/ya que) y with.
• Voz Pasiva: to be + 3ª columna (participio).

Ejemplos de Voz Pasiva (Presente y Pasado):

• Colon discovered America in 1492 → America was discovered by Colon in 1492.
• My brother collects plastic bags → Plastic bags are collected by my brother.

Ejemplos de Presente Perfecto:

How long have you been...? Have there been...? I have been... She's worked... Haven't bought... There's been... I have lived... Tim hasn't had... They haven't eaten... There hasn't been...

Adverbios de Tiempo (Still, Yet, Already)

• Yet: se usa en oraciones interrogativas (al final).
• Already: se usa en oraciones afirmativas (normales).
• Still: se usa en oraciones negativas.

Ejemplos:

• Has Katie joined in yet?
• They have already been to 2 art workshops.
• Has Marco fed the hamster yet?
• I still haven't tired out my new trainers.

Otros Usos Gramaticales

Para hábitos pasados se usa used to + infinitivo para actos no terminados.

Vocabulario Avanzado y Temático

Adjetivos y Conceptos

• High-quality: alta calidad (caro)
• Practical: práctico
• Unreliable: poco fiable (algo no favorable)
• Annoying: molesto
• Upsetting: perturbador
• Worrying: preocupante
• Getting lost: perderse

Phrasal Verbs Comunes

• Fill up: llenar
• Queue up: hacer cola
• Set up: preparar / configurar
• Turn up: aparecer
• Wash up: lavarse / fregar
• Plug in: enchufar

Talleres y Actividades (Workshops & Outdoor Activities)

• Workshops: drama, street dance, street art, fashion design.
• Outdoor activities: athletics, rock climbing, trail biking, kayaking, wakeboarding, archery.

Finanzas y Dinero

• Afford: permitirse (económicamente)
• Worth: valor / valer la pena
• Borrow: pedir prestado
• Lend: prestar
• Save up: ahorrar
• Waste: gastar mal / desperdiciar

Tecnología y Dispositivos

• Browse: echar un vistazo / navegar
• Charge: cargar (batería)
• Swipe: deslizar (pantalla/tarjeta)
• Tap: tocar / grifo
• Update: actualizar / fecha
• Dump: vertedero / volcar basura

Delitos y Criminalidad (Crimes)

• Burglary: robo en casas
• Mugging: asalto callejero (robo de bolsos)
• Speeding: exceso de velocidad
• Forgery: falsificación (copias ilegales)