Dominando el Presente Perfecto en Inglés: Reglas, Verbos y Ejemplos
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¿Qué es el Presente Perfecto en Inglés?
El Presente Perfecto (Present Perfect) en el idioma inglés es un tiempo verbal que se utiliza para referirnos a acciones que suceden en un pasado reciente y que guardan alguna relación con el presente. Su equivalente en el idioma español es el Pretérito Perfecto:
Ejemplo:
- I have sent the letter. (Yo he enviado la carta).
(Indica que la acción acaba de suceder)
Estructura y Formación
Para poder construir la forma afirmativa del Presente Perfecto, debemos utilizar como auxiliar el verbo TO HAVE en Presente Simple, acompañado por el verbo principal en su Pasado Participio (ya sean verbos regulares o verbos irregulares):
Verbos Regulares
A continuación, se presenta una lista de verbos regulares con su respectivo infinitivo y pasado participio:
| ESPAÑOL | INFINITIVO | PASADO PARTICIPIO |
|---|---|---|
| Responder | To answer | answered |
| Preguntar | To ask | asked |
| Aprobar | To approve | approved |
| Pertenecer | To belong | belonged |
| Cepillar | To brush | brushed |
| Limpiar | To clean | cleaned |
| Trepar | To climb | climbed |
| Cocinar | To cook | cooked |
| Bailar | To dance | danced |
| Descubrir | To discover | discovered |
| Entregar | To deliver | delivered |
| Disfrutar | To enjoy | enjoyed |
| Explicar | To explain | explained |
| Acabar | To finish | finished |
| Pescar | To fish | fished |
| Ocurrir | To happen | happened |
| Besar | To kiss | kissed |
| Gustar | To like | liked |
| Vivir | To live | lived |
| Necesitar | To need | needed |
| Abrir | To open | opened |
| Pintar | To paint | painted |
| Castigar | To punish | punished |
| Recordar | To remember | remembered |
| Mostrar | To show | showed |
| Sonreír | To smile | smiled |
| Iniciar | To start | started |
| Estudiar | To study | studied |
| Visitar | To visit | visited |
| Esperar | To wait | waited |
Verbos Irregulares
En el caso de los verbos irregulares, la forma del pasado participio cambia de manera distinta a los regulares:
| ESPAÑOL | INFINITIVO | PASADO PARTICIPIO |
|---|---|---|
| Comenzar | To begin | begun |
| Apostar | To bet | bet |
| Morder | To bite | bitten |
| Romper | To break | broken |
| Construir | To build | built |
| Comprar | To buy | bought |
| Elegir | To choose | chosen |
| Cortar | To cut | cut |
| Dibujar | To draw | drawn |
| Beber | To drink | drunk |
| Comer | To eat | eaten |
| Olvidar | To forget | forgotten |
| Obtener | To get | got |
| Dar | To give | given |
| Ir | To go | gone |
| Oír | To hear | heard |
| Saber | To know | known |
| Aprender | To learn | learnt |
| Pagar | To pay | paid |
| Correr | To run | run |
| Ver | To see | seen |
| Cantar | To sing | sung |
| Oler | To smell | smelt |
| Hablar | To speak | spoken |
| Barrer | To sweep | swept |
| Nadar | To swim | swum |
| Decir | To tell | told |
| Comprender | To understand | understood |
| Ganar | To win | won |
| Escribir | To write | written |