Conditionals en inglés: Zero, First, Second y Third con ejemplos y ejercicios

Conditionals (Oraciones condicionales)

Zero conditional

Estructura: If + present simple, present simple

Uso: hechos siempre verdaderos.

• If you heat water, it boils.
• If you mix blue + yellow, you get green.

First conditional

Estructura: If + present simple, WILL + infinitive

Uso: futuro real y posible.

• If it rains, I will stay home.
• If you study, you will pass.

Second conditional

Estructura: If + past simple, WOULD + infinitive

Uso: hipótesis imaginaria (presente/futuro).

• If I had money, I would travel.
• If I were taller, I would play basketball.

Third conditional

Estructura: If + past perfect, WOULD HAVE + past participle

Uso: pasado irreal, que ya no puede cambiar.

• If she had studied, she would have passed.
• If I had known, I would have called.

Puntos clave a recordar

• Nunca usar will después de if.
• Se usa "If I were" (NO "was").
• Unless = If not.

Personal qualities (Cualidades personales)

• Physical strength: poder físico, fuerza corporal.
• Creativity: ideas originales e imaginativas.
• Wisdom: experiencia + conocimiento + buen juicio.
• Honesty: ser veraz, sin mentiras.
• Politeness: respeto, buenas maneras.
• Enthusiasm: energía intensa, gran entusiasmo.
• Courage: valentía ante el miedo o el peligro.
• Willingness to learn: apertura a aprender cosas nuevas.
• Capacity to inspire others: motivar e influir positivamente.
• Understanding of others: empatía, comprender a los demás.

Ejercicios típicos: Conditionals

Completa con la forma correcta

1. If you mix red and white, you get pink. (zero: hecho universal)
2. If she studies tonight, she will pass tomorrow. (first: futuro posible)
3. If I were you, I would apologise. (second: hipotético)
4. If they had left earlier, they would have caught the train. (third: pasado irreal)
5. I would travel more if I had more free time. (second: orden invertido)
6. She would have called if she had known the number. (third: orden invertido)

Elige la opción correcta

• "If it rains, we ___ the match." a) cancel   b) will cancel   c) would cancel   d) cancelled
  Respuesta: b (first conditional)
• "If I were rich, I ___ a yacht." a) buy   b) will buy   c) would buy   d) had bought
  Respuesta: c (second conditional)
• "If he had arrived on time, he ___ the presentation." a) gives   b) will give   c) would give   d) would have given
  Respuesta: d (third conditional)

Identifica el error

• "If I will see her, I'll tell her." → If I see
• "If he would study, he'd pass." → If he studied
• "If they had work harder, they'd have won." → had worked
• "Unless you won't hurry, we'll be late." → Unless you hurry