Aprende Relative Clauses y Vocabulario Esencial en Inglés

RELATIVE CLAUSES (Muy Importante)

Las oraciones de relativo son fundamentales en inglés. Aquí tienes los pronombres principales y su uso:

• 👉 Who → personas
• 👉 Which → cosas
• 👉 Where → lugar
• 👉 When → tiempo
• 👉 Whose → posesión

Ejemplos de Relative Clauses

• The girl who is 16 is my friend.
• The book which I read is good.
• The place where I live.
• The day when I met you.
• The boy whose car is red.

Defining vs. Non-Defining Relative Clauses

Defining (sin comas)

• 👉 Información NECESARIA.
• 👉 The girl who is wearing red is my sister.
• ❗ Si la quitas, la frase no se entiende por completo.

Non-Defining (con comas , , )

• 👉 Información EXTRA.
• 👉 My sister, who is 16, is nice.
• Puedes quitar la información entre comas y la frase sigue teniendo el mismo sentido principal.

El uso de “THAT”

• 👉 Puede sustituir a who / which.
• 👉 SOLO se usa en oraciones defining.
• ✔ The book that I read.
• ❌ No se debe usar en oraciones non-defining.

Vocabulario Clave (Te puede caer en el examen)

• humble → humilde
• show off → presumir
• bragging → alardear
• grounded → con los pies en la tierra
• doubt → dudar
• debt → deuda
• debris → escombros

Frases Útiles que Puedes Usar

• He is a person who helps others.
• It is something which is important.
• This is the place where I live.
• She is someone who never shows off.

Trucos Rápidos

• Persona → who
• Cosa → which / that
• Lugar → where
• Tiempo → when
• Posesión → whose

Verbos Irregulares (con significado)

Infinitive – Past simple – Past participle – Meaning

• be – was/were – been → ser / estar
• become – became – become → convertirse
• begin – began – begun → empezar
• bet – bet – bet → apostar
• break – broke – broken → romper
• bring – brought – brought → traer
• broadcast – broadcast – broadcast → transmitir
• build – built – built → construir
• buy – bought – bought → comprar
• catch – caught – caught → atrapar
• choose – chose – chosen → elegir
• come – came – come → venir
• cost – cost – cost → costar
• cut – cut – cut → cortar
• do – did – done → hacer
• draw – drew – drawn → dibujar
• dream – dreamed/dreamt – dreamed/dreamt → soñar
• drink – drank – drunk → beber
• drive – drove – driven → conducir
• eat – ate – eaten → comer
• fall – fell – fallen → caer
• feed – fed – fed → alimentar
• feel – felt – felt → sentir
• fight – fought – fought → pelear / luchar
• find – found – found → encontrar
• fly – flew – flown → volar
• forget – forgot – forgotten → olvidar
• get – got – got → conseguir / obtener
• give – gave – given → dar
• go – went – gone → ir
• grow – grew – grown → crecer
• hang – hung – hung → colgar
• have – had – had → tener
• hear – heard – heard → oír
• hide – hid – hidden → esconder
• hit – hit – hit → golpear
• hold – held – held → sostener
• keep – kept – kept → mantener / guardar
• know – knew – known → saber / conocer
• lay – laid – laid → poner / colocar
• lead – led – led → liderar / guiar
• leave – left – left → dejar / irse
• let – let – let → dejar / permitir
• lose – lost – lost → perder
• make – made – made → hacer / fabricar
• mean – meant – meant → significar
• meet – met – met → conocer (personas)
• pay – paid – paid → pagar
• put – put – put → poner
• read – read – read → leer
• ride – rode – ridden → montar (bici/caballo)
• ring – rang – rung → sonar / llamar
• run – ran – run → correr
• say – said – said → decir
• see – saw – seen → ver
• sell – sold – sold → vender
• send – sent – sent → enviar
• set – set – set → colocar / establecer
• shine – shone/shined – shone/shined → brillar
• show – showed – shown → mostrar
• sing – sang – sung → cantar
• sit – sat – sat → sentarse
• sleep – slept – slept → dormir
• speak – spoke – spoken → hablar
• spend – spent – spent → gastar (tiempo/dinero)
• stand – stood – stood → estar de pie
• steal – stole – stolen → robar
• stick – stuck – stuck → pegar / quedarse pegado
• sweep – swept – swept → barrer
• swim – swam – swum → nadar
• take – took – taken → tomar / coger
• teach – taught – taught → enseñar
• tell – told – told → decir / contar
• think – thought – thought → pensar
• throw – threw – thrown → lanzar
• understand – understood – understood → entender
• wake – woke – woken → despertarse
• wear – wore – worn → llevar puesto
• win – won – won → ganar
• write – wrote – written → escribir

Vocabulario Adicional y Expresiones

• reached → alcanzar
• eventually → finalmente
• Judges → jueces
• raised awareness → concienciar
• endangered → peligro de extinción
• siblings → hermanos
• scales → escamas / reptiles
• themselves → ellos mismos / sí mismos
• hunter → cazadores
• caught → coger / pillar (en este contexto)
• add filters → añadir filtros
• close-up → primer plano
• in focus → enfocado
• lens → lente
• press the shutter → presionar el disparador
• share → compartir
• tripod → trípode
• retouch → retocar
• self-portrait → autorretrato
• photo shoot → sesión de fotos
• Hopefully → ojalá
• settlement → acuerdo
• although → aunque
• hopes → esperanzas
• roasted → asado
• cursed → maldito
• decreased → decrecer / disminuir
• wild → naturaleza / salvaje
• go viral → volverse viral
• you are boring → eres aburrido
• bored → estás aburrido
• wildlife → vida salvaje
• copyright → derechos de autor
• delay / suad → demorar / retrasar
• earning their trust → ganar su confianza
• trust → confianza
• lighting → iluminación
• background → fondo
• glad → contento / alegre