Chuletas y apuntes de Inglés de Secundaria

Dominando el Inglés: Vocabulario, Gramática y Frases Clave

Este documento recopila una serie de términos, expresiones y reglas gramaticales esenciales para el aprendizaje y la mejora del inglés, especialmente útil para hispanohablantes.

1. Pronombres y Cuantificadores

1.1. Para Personas

• Somebody, Someone: alguien
• Anybody, Anyone: alguien (en preguntas)
• Nobody, Anybody: nadie (en negativas)

1.2. Para Cosas

• Something: algo (afirmativa)
• Anything: algo (interrogativa)
• Nothing, Anything: nada (en negativas)

2. Conectores y Conjunciones

2.1. Causa y Consecuencia

• As a result: como resultado
• Consequently: en consecuencia
• For that reason: por ese motivo
• So: por eso
• Therefore: por lo tanto

2.2. Contraste

• Although: aunque
• Despite: a pesar de
• Even though: aunque
• However:

Ejemplos de transformaciones de voz activa a pasiva en el inglés:

she said,"i watch TV every day"=she said she watchesTV every day

she said,"i am watching tv)=she said sge was watching tv

she said,"i have watched tv"=she said she had watched tv

she said,"i watched tv"=she said she had watched tv

she said,"i will watch tv"=she said she would watch tv

she said,"i am going to watch tv"=she said she was going to watch tv

she said,"i can watch"=she said she could watch tv

she said,"i may watch tv"=she said she might watch tv

she said,"i might watch tv"=she said she might watch tv

she said,"must watch tv"=she said she had to watch tv

she said,"have to watch tv"=she said she had to watch tv

she said,"i ought to watch tv"=she said she ought to watch tv

Modal Verbs

Can / Could

Expressa capacitat per fer alguna cosa, peticions i suggeriments, i serveix per demanar permís.

Futur: be able to.

May / Might

S'utilitzen per donar i demanar permís o fer peticions educades. També serveixen per expressar una possibilitat negativa.

• May: s'usa per a coses probables.
• Might: s'usa per a coses improbables.

També serveix per fer un suggeriment en el cas que no hi hagi una alternativa millor.

Must

Expressa obligació o serveix per donar ordres, però només en afirmatiu. La forma mustn't indica prohibició. Normalment, el fa servir la persona que té l'autoritat.

Have to

També expressa obligació i ordres, però en aquest cas depèn de nosaltres. És l'únic modal verb que es pot fer servir en passat.

Should / Ought

Completa los huecos con much many a lot of

We have    many     oranges.

We don’t have      many    bananas.

We don’t have   much    fruit juice.

How    much    is this? It’s ten dollars.

How    many  do you want? Six, please.

He is very busy; he has    a lot of   work.

David has    a lot of   rice, but Tyler doesn’t have   much .

Completa los huecos con must / mustn’t

1. She is ill , so she  MUSTN´T  see the doctor

2. It is raining. You MUSTN´T  take your umbrella

3. You MUSTN´T  throw litter on the stairs

4. This is a secret. You MUSTN´T tell anybody

5. You  MUSTN´T  make noise in the library

6. We MUST  hurry or we will miss the bus

7. You MUST  eat fruit and vegetables

8. The baby is sleeping.

Vocabulario Básico

• Thriller = novela de misterio
• Star = estrella
• Producer = productor
• Character = personaje
• Screen = pantalla
• Back row = fila trasera
• Front row = fila delantera

Pasado Simple del Verbo 'to be'

Affirmative

I was ill yesterday.

We were at home yesterday.

Negative

He wasn't ill yesterday.

You weren't at home yesterday.

Questions

Was she ill yesterday?

Were they at home yesterday?

Wh-Questions

Where was she?

Where were you yesterday?

Pasado Simple: Verbos Regulares e Irregulares

Affirmative

I acted in the film.

He saw the film.

Negative

I didn't like that film.

He didn't see the film.

Questions

Did you watch a film?

Did you see the film?

Short Answers

Yes, I did.

No, we didn't.

Preposiciones de Tiempo

• On Friday
• In 2004
• At 8 o'clock

Vocabulario Básico

• Thriller = novela

Vocabulario Esencial de Inglés para la Vida Cotidiana

Dominar el vocabulario y las expresiones idiomáticas es fundamental para comunicarse con fluidez en inglés. Esta recopilación te ofrece una amplia variedad de frases y términos comunes que te serán de gran utilidad en diversas situaciones, desde conversaciones diarias hasta contextos más específicos. ¡Amplía tu léxico y mejora tu comprensión!

Expresiones y Frases Comunes

Llevarse bien con:

to get on with somebody.

Prisionero de conciencia:

prisoner of conscience.

Marea de petróleo:

oil spill.

Un éxito taquillero:

a box office hit.

Vivir con lo justo:

to live on a shoestring.

Hacer compañía a alguien:

to keep somebody company.

Llegar a tiempo para:

to be on time for something.

De vez en cuando: