Tiempos verbales en inglés: guía práctica de presente, pasado y futuro
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Tiempos verbales en inglés
Presente
Present Simple
Se usa para hábitos y rutinas. Palabras clave: every day, all the days, three times a week, at night, how often?
Present Continuous
Se usa para acciones en curso. Palabras clave: now, today, tonight (lugar y fecha).
Present Perfect Simple
Se usa para acciones con conexión con el presente. Palabras clave: just, already, never, so far, yet, for, since, recently, as.
Present Perfect Continuous
Se forma con have/has + been + -ing y expresa (he estado durmiendo) acciones que comenzaron en el pasado y continúan. Palabras clave: for, since, all time.
Pasado
Past Simple
Se usa para acciones terminadas en el pasado. Palabras clave: last, 2 days ago, in 2007, the day before yesterday.
Past Continuous
Se forma con was/were + -ing (estaba viendo). Palabras clave: when, while, last night, as.
Past Perfect Simple
Se forma con had + past participle y expresa una acción pasada anterior a otra acción pasada. Palabras clave: by the time, already, after, before.
Past Perfect Continuous
Se forma con had + been + -ing (había estado durmiendo). Palabras clave: since last, until, for hours, by the time.
Futuro
Future Simple (will)
Se usa para promesas, decisiones instantáneas y predicciones. Palabras clave: think, promise, in the future.
Future Continuous
Se forma con will be + -ing (estará viendo). Palabras clave: by the end of, at this moment, next, at this time tomorrow.
Be going to
Se usa para evidencias y planes. Palabras clave: tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, look!
Future Perfect Simple
Se forma con will + have + past participle (habré finalizado) y expresa una acción terminada en el futuro. Palabras clave: by this time next week, by then.
Estilo indirecto (Reported Speech)
Afirmaciones: Subject + said that + subject + cambio de verbo.
Preguntas Wh-: Subject + asked + pronombre + wh-word + sujeto + verbo.
Preguntas sí/no: Subject + asked if + sujeto + verbo.
Órdenes: Subject + told + pronombre + to + verbo infinitivo.
Órdenes negativas: Subject + told + pronombre + NOT TO + infinitivo.
Cambios habituales
Present Simple → Past Simple · Past Simple → Past Perfect · Future → Conditional · Present Continuous → Past Continuous · Past Continuous → Past Perfect Continuous · Present Perfect → Past Perfect · Is going to → Was going to · Can → Could · May → Might · Have to → Had to · Will → Would.
Cambios de expresiones de tiempo y lugar
now → then · today → that day · tonight → that night · yesterday → the day before · last week → the week before · a month ago → the month before · tomorrow → the day after · next week → the week after · here → there · this/these → that/those.
Oraciones condicionales
Tipo 1: Presente + presente/futuro/imperativo/modal.
Tipo 2: Pasado + would + verbo.
Tipo 3: Past perfect + should have + past participle.
Voz pasiva
play → are played · are playing → are being played · played → were played · was playing → were being played · has played → have been played · had played → had been played · will play → will be played · should play → should be played · must have played → must have been played · has to play → have to be played · is going to play → is going to be played · will have played → will have been played.
Deseos (Wish)
I wish + sujeto + were (presente), had (pasado), would (futuro).
Verbo GET
Get - got - got: Sujeto + get + something + participio.