Tiempos verbales y estructuras clave del inglés: tiempos, modales y condicionales
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✅ 1. Verb tenses
Present tenses
Present simple
Uso: hábitos, rutinas, hechos generales.
I go to school every day.
Present continuous
Uso: acciones en progreso, planes futuros.
I am studying now.
Present perfect
Uso: experiencias, acciones recientes, conexión con el presente.
I have visited London.
Present perfect continuous
Uso: duración de una actividad que empezó en el pasado y continúa en el presente.
I have been studying for two hours.
Past tenses
Past simple
Acciones completadas en un momento concreto.
I visited my grandparents yesterday.
Past continuous
Acción en progreso en un momento del pasado.
I was watching TV when you called.
Past perfect
Acción anterior a otra pasada.
I had finished before he arrived.
Past perfect continuous
Duración antes de un momento pasado.
I had been working for hours.
Future tenses
Will
Predicciones, decisiones espontáneas.
I will help you.
Going to
Planes, intenciones, evidencia.
I'm going to travel next year.
Present continuous (future meaning)
Arreglos definitivos.
I'm meeting John tomorrow.
Future perfect
Acción completada en el futuro.
I will have finished by 8 pm.
Future continuous
Acción en progreso en un momento futuro.
I will be studying at 10.
✅ 2. Expressions of habits
Used to + infinitive
→ hábitos o estados del pasado (ya no).
I used to play football.
Would + infinitive
→ hábitos repetidos del pasado.
Every summer we would go camping.
Be used to + noun / gerund
→ estar acostumbrado.
I am used to waking up early.
Get used to + noun / gerund
→ llegar a acostumbrarse.
I am getting used to living alone.
✅ 3. Modal verbs
| Modal | Uso | Ejemplo |
|---|---|---|
| Can | habilidad / permiso | I can swim. |
| Could | habilidad pasada / petición formal | Could you help me? |
| May | permiso / posibilidad | You may leave. |
| Might | posibilidad débil | It might rain. |
| Must | obligación fuerte | You must study. |
| Have to | obligación externa | I have to work. |
| Should / Ought to | consejo | You should rest. |
| Mustn’t | prohibición | You mustn’t smoke. |
| Don’t have to | no es necesario | You don’t have to come. |
✅ 4. Gerunds & infinitives
Gerund (-ing). Después de:
preposiciones (before, after, in, on…)
ciertos verbos (enjoy, avoid, stop, mind…)
sujetos de una oración
I enjoy reading.
Infinitive (to + verb). Después de:
want, need, decide, hope…
adjetivos: It’s easy to learn.
para expresar propósito: I went to buy milk.
Verbs that change meaning:
Stop + gerund = detener una acción.
Stop + infinitive = parar para hacer otra cosa.
Remember / forget / try también cambian según la forma.
✅ 5. Conditionals
Zero conditional
Realidades generales:
If you heat water, it boils.
First conditional
Futuro real:
If it rains, I will stay home.
Second conditional
Situaciones hipotéticas:
If I won the lottery, I would travel.
Third conditional
Situaciones irreales del pasado:
If I had studied, I would have passed.
✅ 6. Mixed conditionals
Present result of a past action
If I had studied (past), I would have a better job (present).
Past result of a present condition
If I were taller (present), I would have played basketball (past).
✅ 7. Prepositional phrases
In time / On time
At the end / In the end
By chance, by mistake, by accident
In fact, in addition, in general
At least, at first, at last
On purpose, on average, on fire