Present Perfect Continuous, Past Perfect Continuous y Condicionales en Inglés: Gramática y Vocabulario

Present Perfect Continuous

Affirmative

I / You have been singing
He / She / It has been singing
We / You / They have been singing

Negative

I / You have not (haven't) been singing
He / She / It has not (hasn't) been singing
We / You / They have not (haven't) been singing

Interrogative

Have I / you been singing?
Has he / she / it been singing?
Have we / you / they been singing?

Uses

• An action that started in the past and still continues in the present.
• An action whose results are still apparent.

Time Expressions

never, ever, already, just, yet, recently, lately, how long...?, for, since, in recent years

Past Perfect Continuous

Affirmative

I / You had been running
He / She / It had been running
We / You / They had been running

Negative

I / You had not (hadn't) been running
He / She / It had not (hadn't) been running
We / You / They had not (hadn't) been running

Interrogative

Had I / you been running?
Had he / she / it been running?
Had we / you / they been running?

Uses

An action which continued up to another past action.

Time Expressions

for hours, since last April, all morning, when, until, before

Conditionals

Zero Conditional

If / When / Unless + Present Simple
Present Simple + modal base form

Example → If / When I drink coffee, I don't sleep at night.

First Conditional

If / Unless + Present Simple
Future Simple / Imperative + modal base form

Example → Unless we hurry, we will be late.

Example 2 → If he doesn't rest, he may have a relapse.

Second Conditional

If / Unless + Past Simple
Would / Could / Might + modal base form

Example → If I had the money, I would travel all over the world.

Third Conditional

If + Past Perfect Simple
Would have / Could have / Might have + Past Participle

Example → If you had come, you would have had a really good time.

Desiderative Prayers (Wishes)

Wish / If Only + Past Simple

Refers to a present situation that the speaker is unhappy about.

If only that band performed in London.

Wish / If Only + Past Perfect Simple

Expresses regret about a past action or situation.

I wish he hadn't got into trouble.

Wish / If Only + Could / Would + base form

Expresses a desire for something to happen in the future.

If only they would find a cure for Alzheimer's.

Unit 1

• A Clever Move → Un movimiento inteligente
• Aim (n) → objetivo / propósito
• Approach → aproximarse / acercarse
• At Some Point → en algún momento
• Backpacker → mochilero
• Bargain (v) → regatear
• Bed And Breakfast → alojamiento con desayuno
• Breathtaking → impresionante
• Bring About → provocar / suponer
• Budget Airline → compañía aérea / aerolínea económica
• Countryside → campo
• Deal → oferta
• Dirt Cheap → tirado de precio
• Force (v) → obligar / forzar
• Freedom → libertad
• Fund (v) → financiar / subvencionar
• Get Around → moverse / desplazarse
• Get Started → ponerse en marcha
• Go With The Flow → dejarse llevar
• Halfway → a medio camino
• High Season → temporada alta
• Hooked (on) → enganchado
• Hop On → subirse / montarse
• Lifestyle → estilo de vida
• Multicoloured → multicolor
• Off Season → temporada baja
• On The Move → en constante movimiento
• Rate (n) → tarifa
• Scenery → paisaje
• Set Off → salir / irse (de viaje)
• Souvenir → recuerdo
• Spot (n) → lugar
• Stall → puesto
• Surrounded By → rodeado de
• Tourist Trap → trampa turística
• Toward → hacia
• Unspoilt → virgen
• Upcoming → próximo
• Wander → pasear (por)
• Youth Hostel → albergue juvenil

Unit 2

• Adjust → ajustar / cambiar / modificar
• A Matter Of Life And Death → una cuestión de vida o muerte
• Boost → aumentar / mejorar
• Crash → chocarse
• Cheer (Someone) Up → animar (a alguien)
• Diet → dieta
• Disorder → trastorno
• Dosage → dosis
• Drowsy → adormilado
• Feast On → alimentarse de / darse un festín
• Fix → arreglar
• Gain Weight → subir de peso
• Go Beyond → ir más allá de
• Incurable → incurable / sin cura
• Livelihood → medios de vida
• Life-Threatening → potencialmente mortal
• Maintain → mantener / conservar
• On The Verge Of → a punto de
• Out Of Breath → quedarse sin aliento
• Out Of Shape → en baja forma
• Overcome → recuperarse de
• Overreact → reaccionar de forma exagerada
• Overweight → con sobrepeso
• Quick → rápido
• Quit → desengancharse
• Raise → aumentar / subir
• Recover → recuperarse
• Relapse (n) → recaída
• Side Effect → efecto secundario
• Slim Down → perder peso / adelgazar
• Stage → fase / etapa
• Surgery → cirugía
• Swap → intercambiar
• Tax → tasa / impuesto
• Unconscious → inconsciente
• Vanish → desaparecer
• Well-Being → bienestar
• Wipe Out → acabar con
• Workout → ejercicio