Mejora tu Inglés: Estructuras Gramaticales y Léxico Fundamental

Descripción Personal

• My name is Carlos Fernández, and I'm forty years old. I live in Suances, in the north of Spain. I have been working as a local policeman for sixteen years in Astillero.
• I am married to Elena, and I have a son, who is called Benjamín. My parents' names are Baldomero and Natalia. I've got one brother and two sisters.
• My favorite hobbies are doing gymnastics and surfing the net. I also enjoy cycling, and I like to go to the cinema with my wife and my son on weekends.

Historia de Verano

• This summer, I was on vacation in the south of France with my family and friends. Specifically, in the region of Les Landes, we stayed in bungalows.
• Every morning, after waking up, having breakfast, doing the household chores, and getting ready, we would go to the beach together by bicycle.
• In the evening, after eating, we practiced outdoor sports like volleyball, tennis, and ping-pong. We also went for walks or swam in the swimming pool.

Vocabulario Esencial

• Actually - de hecho
• Adequate - suficiente
• Argument - discusión
• Assist - ayudar
• Career - profesión
• Carpet - alfombra
• College - Instituto
• Constipated - estreñido
• Discussion - coloquio
• Embarrassed - avergonzado
• Eventually - finalmente
• Exit - salida
• Idiom - expresión idiomática
• Large - grande
• Pretend - fingir
• Quiet - callado
• Remove - quitar
• Sensible - sensato
• Signature - firma
• Suburb - barrio residencial
• Success - éxito
• Sympathy - compasión
• Topic - tema
• Nowadays - actualmente
• Suitable - adecuado/a
• Plot - argumento
• Attend - asistir
• Race - carrera
• Folder - carpeta
• Have a cold - estar constipado/a
• Argument - discusión
• Pregnant - embarazada
• Language - idioma
• Long - largo
• Claim, Try - pretender
• Still - quieto
• Stir - remover
• Sensitive - sensible
• School subject - asignatura
• Slum - suburbio
• Event - suceso
• Affection - simpatía
• Cliché - tópico

Presente Simple

Forma Afirmativa y Negativa

Forma Interrogativa

• Do I live in Suances?
• Do you live in Suances?
• Does he/she/it live in Suances?
• Do we/you/they live in Suances?

Ortografía del Presente Simple (Tercera Persona Singular)

• Para formar la tercera persona del singular (He/She/It), normalmente se añade -s: work-s, eat-s.
• A los verbos que terminan en -ch, -sh, -s, -x, se les añade -es: teach-es, push-es (empujar), miss-es, fix-es (arreglar).
• A los verbos Do y Go se les añade -es: go-es y do-es.
• A los verbos que terminan en consonante + -y, se les cambia la -y por -i y se les añade -es: try-tries, study-studies.
• A los verbos que terminan en vocal + -y, simplemente se les añade -s: play-s, say-s (decir).

Uso del Presente Simple

• Costumbres y rutinas habituales: I attend (asistir) a drama school on Saturdays.
• Situaciones permanentes: He lives in Suances.
• Hechos generalmente científicos: Water boils at 100ºC.

Adverbios de Frecuencia

Always = siempre // Usually = generalmente // Often = a menudo // Sometimes = algunas veces // Not often = no a menudo // Never = nunca.

Forma de Uso de los Adverbios de Frecuencia

• Antes del verbo principal:
  • We usually have lots (porciones) of arguments.
  • I can always count on my parents.
  • They don't often spend (pasar) time together.
• Después del verbo to be:
  • I'm usually home Saturday evenings.
  • She's never in bed (cama) after (después de) 10 a.m.
  • He's sometimes late.

Presente Continuo

Forma Afirmativa y Negativa

Forma Interrogativa

• Am I listening to a CD?
• Are you listening to a CD?
• Is he/she/it listening to a CD?
• Are we/you/they listening to a CD?

Ortografía del Gerundio (-ing)

• Normalmente se añade -ing al verbo para formar el gerundio: start-starting.
• Los verbos que terminan en -e, pierden la -e y se añade -ing: have-having.
• Cuando el verbo es monosílabo y termina en una vocal + una consonante, se le dobla la consonante y se le añade -ing: put-putting, swim-swimming, run-running.
• Si el verbo termina en -y, -w, -x, se le añade -ing, pero no se dobla la última consonante: play-playing, mix-mixing, snow-snowing.
• Cuando el verbo termina en -ie, se cambia la -ie por -y y se añade -ing: lie-lying, die-dying.