Inglés para Estudiantes: Vocabulario, Estilo Indirecto y Cambios Verbales
Vocabulario Clave en Inglés
Periodismo y Medios de Comunicación
Headline: titular
Newsagent: vendedor de periódicos
Newsreader: presentador de noticias
Press photographer: fotógrafo de prensa
Tabloid: periódico sensacionalista
Record: grabar
Adverbios de Modo y Tiempo
Agrily: enfadado
Heavily: pesadamente
Silently: silenciosamente
Straight: recto
Suddenly: de repente
Truthfully: sinceramente
Actually: en realidad
Eventually: finalmente
Otras Palabras Útiles
Discussion: debate
Educated: culto
Notice: fijarse
Pretend: fingir
Rare: poco frecuente
Success: éxito
Sympathetic: compasivo
Falsedad, Engaños y Creencias
- Fake: falso
- Made-up: inventado
- Weird: extraño
- Belief: creencia
- Coincidence: coincidencia
- Doubt: duda
- Fact: hecho
- Hoax: broma pesada, engaño
- Nonsense: tonterías
- Story: historia
- Urban myth: leyenda urbana
- Mislead: confundir
Otros Términos
Microwave: microondas
Overreact: reaccionar desmesuradamente
Rebuild: reconstruir
Underestimate: subestimar
Chuckle: reírse para uno mismo
Mutter: murmurar
Shout: gritar
Sob: sollozar
Wail: gemir
Yell: chillar
Apologize: pedir disculpas
Estilo Indirecto (Reported Speech)
Ejemplo Introductorio
Your brother gave me his book, Peter said to Mary.
Tu hermano me dio su libro, Peter dijo a Mary.
Peter said (that) her brother had given him his book.
Peter dijo a Mary que su hermano le había dado su libro.
Cambios Verbales
Cambios en los Tiempos Verbales
- Past simple (I study) → Past perfect (I had studied): verbo en pasado simple (-ed o 2.ª columna) pasa a had + -ed o 3.ª forma
- Present continuous (am/is/are + -ing) → Past continuous (was/were + -ing)
- Past simple (-ed o 2.ª columna) → Past perfect (had + -ed o 3.ª forma)
- Present perfect simple (have/has + -ed o 3.ª forma) → Past perfect (had + -ed o 3.ª forma)
- Past continuous (was/were + -ing) → Past perfect continuous (had been + -ing)
- Present perfect continuous (have/has been + -ing) → Past perfect continuous (had been + -ing)
Cambios en los Modales
- Will → Would
- Can → Could
- Must / Have to → Had to
Preguntas en Estilo Indirecto
En las preguntas indirectas, se coloca if (o whether) en lugar de that.
Are you crazy? Peter said.
He asked if I were crazy.
Peter me preguntó si estaba loco.
Cambios de Pronombres
| Sujeto | Objeto | Posesivo adjetivo |
|---|---|---|
| I | Me | My |
| You | You | Your |
| He | Him | His |
| She | Her | Her |
| It | It | Its |
| We | Us | Our |
| They | Them | Their |
Cambios de Expresiones de Tiempo y Lugar
- Yesterday → The previous day
- Next → The following
- Now → Then
- Today → That day
- Tomorrow → The following day
- This / These → That / Those
- Here → There