Guia Completa dels Temps Verbals en Anglès i Més

Temps Verbals en Anglès: Guia Completa

Present Simple

Ús: Expressar rutines, hàbits, fets científics, horaris i programes.

Estructura:

• Afirmatiu: I/you/we/they work; he/she/it works
• Negatiu: I/you/we/they don't work; he/she/it doesn't work
• Interrogatiu: Do I/you/we/they work? Does he/she/it work?

Expressions de temps comunes: always, usually, often, sometimes, never.

Present Continuous

Ús: Descriure accions que estan passant en el moment de parlar o accions temporals presents.

Estructura:

• Afirmatiu: I am playing; you/we/they are playing; he/she/it is playing
• Negatiu: I am not playing; you/we/they aren't playing; he/she/it isn't playing
• Interrogatiu: Am I playing? Are you/we/they playing? Is he/she/it playing?

Expressions de temps comunes: now, at the moment, this week/year.

Past Simple

Ús: Accions completades en el passat.

Estructura:

• Afirmatiu: I/you/we/they/he/she/it played (verb regular) / 2a columna (verb irregular)
• Negatiu: I/you/we/they/he/she/it didn't play
• Interrogatiu: Did I/you/we/they/he/she/it play?

Expressions de temps comunes: yesterday, last week/month/year, ago, when.

Past Continuous

Ús: Descriure una acció que estava en progrés en un moment específic del passat.

Estructura:

• Afirmatiu: I/he/she/it was playing; you/we/they were playing
• Negatiu: I/he/she/it wasn't playing; you/we/they weren't playing
• Interrogatiu: Was I/he/she/it playing? Were you/we/they playing?

Past Perfect Simple

Ús: Indicar una acció que va tenir lloc abans d'una altra acció en el passat.

Estructura:

• Afirmatiu: I/you/we/they/he/she/it had played (verb regular) / 3a columna (verb irregular)
• Negatiu: I/you/we/they/he/she/it hadn't played
• Interrogatiu: Had I/you/we/they/he/she/it played?

Expressions de temps comunes: already, by the time, after, before, until, never, just.

Exemple: By the time he arrived, the train had already left (Quan ell va arribar, el tren ja havia marxat).

Present Perfect Simple

Ús: Accions que van començar en el passat i continuen en el present, o accions passades amb rellevància en el present.

Estructura:

• Afirmatiu: I/you/we/they have lived; he/she/it has lived
• Negatiu: I/you/we/they haven't lived; he/she/it hasn't lived
• Interrogatiu: Have I/you/we/they lived? Has he/she/it lived?

Future Simple

Ús: Prediccions, decisions espontànies, horaris establerts.

Estructura:

• Afirmatiu: I/you/we/they/he/she/it will play
• Negatiu: I/you/we/they/he/she/it won't play
• Interrogatiu: Will I/you/we/they/he/she/it play?

Expressions de temps comunes: this evening, later, in an hour, at 4 o'clock, tomorrow, soon, next month, on May 8th.

Be Going To

Ús: Expressar intencions, plans futurs o prediccions basades en evidència.

Estructura:

• Afirmatiu: I am going to buy; you/we/they are going to buy; he/she/it is going to buy
• Negatiu: I am not going to buy; you/we/they aren't going to buy; he/she/it isn't going to buy
• Interrogatiu: Am I going to buy? Are you/we/they going to buy? Is he/she/it going to buy?

Expressions de temps comunes: *Les mateixes que el Future Simple*.

Future Continuous

Ús: Accions que estaran en progrés en un moment específic del futur.

Estructura:

• Afirmatiu: I/you/we/they/he/she/it will be travelling
• Negatiu: I/you/we/they/he/she/it won't be travelling
• Interrogatiu: Will I/you/we/they/he/she/it be travelling?

Expressions de temps comunes: at this time tomorrow, on Thursday, next year.

Future Perfect Simple

Ús: Indicar accions que s'hauran completat en un moment específic del futur.

Estructura:

• Afirmatiu: I/you/we/they/he/she/it will have eaten
• Negatiu: I/you/we/they/he/she/it won't have eaten
• Interrogatiu: Will I/you/we/they/he/she/it have eaten?

Expressions de temps comunes: by the time.

Connectors de Contrast

• However: no obstant (sempre va seguit d'una coma).
• On the other hand: d'altra banda (normalment en un paràgraf nou).
• Although: encara que (enmig d'una frase).
• Nevertheless: no obstant això (al començament d'una frase i seguit d'una coma).
• But: però (sense coma darrere).
• Despite / In spite of: malgrat. Exemple: We enjoyed our camping holiday in spite of the rain. Despite the pain in his leg, he completed the marathon.

Vocabulari Tecnològic i Expressions Comuns

• At once: alhora
• Browser: navegador
• CD burner: enregistrador de CD
• Computer-literate: amb coneixements informàtics
• Crash: bloquejar-se, trencar-se
• Currency: divisa, moneda
• Cut off: tallar (el subministrament)
• Device: aparell, dispositiu
• Direct: dirigir
• During: durant (quan)
• Expect: esperar, comptar amb
• For: durant
• Get into: entrar a, ficar-se
• Go online: connectar-se a internet
• Hear: sentir
• Highlight part of a text: destacar part d'un text
• Hope: esperar, tenir esperança
• Invest: invertir
• Lasting: durador
• Log into: accedir a, entrar a (pàgina web)
• Make a backup copy: fer una còpia de seguretat
• Palm pilot: organitzador personal PDA
• Plug in: endollar, connectar
• Pretend: de mentida
• Profit: benefici
• Search engine: motor de cerca
• Short-lived: efímer
• Showroom: sala d'exposicions
• Switch off: apagar, desconnectar
• Test track: pista de prova
• Turn down: abaixar (el volum)
• Turn on: encendre
• Turn up: apujar (el volum)
• User-friendly: fàcil d'utilitzar
• Whole: tot, sencer

Els Condicionals en Anglès

1r Condicional

Ús: Expressar una condició real o probable i el seu resultat.

Estructura: If + Present Simple, Future Simple / Modal

Exemples:

• If you give me a hand, I will be really grateful (Si em dones un cop de mà, t'estaré molt agraït).
• You can't go out if you don't finish your homework (No pots sortir si no acabes els deures).
• You will download the attached file if you click twice (Es descarregarà l'arxiu si fas doble clic).
• If the mouse is broken, Mary can use the keyboard (Si el ratolí està trencat, la Mary pot fer servir el teclat).

2n Condicional

Ús: Expressar condicions hipotètiques o poc probables en el present o futur.

Estructura: If + Past Simple, would/could/might + base form of the verb

Exemples:

• He wouldn't buy a new computer unless he had the money (Ell no compraria un ordinador nou si no tingués els diners).
• If that camera weren't so expensive, I would buy it (Si aquella càmera no fos tan cara, la compraria).
• If I were you, I wouldn't download this file (Si jo fos tu, no descarregaria aquest arxiu).
• If they had enough money, they would buy this laptop (Si tinguessin prou diners, comprarien aquest portàtil).
• I could/might open a restaurant if I won the lottery (Podria obrir un restaurant si guanyés la loteria).

3r Condicional

Ús: Expressar condicions impossibles en el passat i el seu resultat hipotètic.

Estructura: If + Past Perfect, would/could/might have + past participle

Exemples:

• Sarah would have learnt French if she had gone to the lessons (La Sara hauria après francès si hagués anat a les classes).
• If Jack had come, we could/might have eaten earlier (Si en Jack hagués vingut, podríem haver menjat abans).
• If I had read the email, I would have gone on the date (Si hagués llegit el correu electrònic, hauria anat a la cita).
• He could/might have met her if he had gone to the party (Ell podria haver-la conegut si hagués anat a la festa).