Gramática y Vocabulario en Inglés: Tiempos Verbales, Condicionales y Phrasal Verbs

Estructuras Condicionales en Inglés

• Cero Condicional (Presente simple + Presente simple): Expresa verdades generales.

  "If you eat ice, it melts."

• Primer Condicional (Sujeto + will + verbo en presente + if + sujeto + verbo en presente): Posibilidad futura.

  "If I win the lottery, I will go shopping every day."

• Segundo Condicional (Situación hipotética: sujeto + would + verbo en infinitivo + if + sujeto + verbo en pasado simple): Hipótesis en el presente.

  "If I could live anywhere, I would live in Dubai."

• Tercer Condicional (Situación hipotética pasada: sujeto + would have + participio + if + sujeto + had + participio): Hipótesis en el pasado.

  "If I had stayed at work, I wouldn't have spent time..."

Tiempos de Futuro

• Futuro Continuo (Acción larga en el futuro interrumpida por una acción corta):
  • Sujeto + will + be + verbo en -ing: "You will be waiting for her when..."
  • Sujeto + am/are/is + going to + be + verbo en -ing: "You are going to be waiting..."
• Futuro Perfecto (Acción que ocurrirá antes de otra en el futuro):
  • Sujeto + will have + participio: "You will have perfected your English..."
  • Sujeto + am/are/is + going to have + participio: "You are going to have perfected your English..."

Hábitos y Deseos

• Used to: Hábitos pasados.

  I used to wear a uniform at school.

• Be/Get used to: Hábitos presentes.

  I am used to working with children.

• Wish + Pasado Perfecto (Sujeto + wish + sujeto + had + participio): Deseo frustrado en el pasado.

  "I wish I had learned French when I was younger."

• Wish + Pasado Simple (Sujeto + wish + sujeto + pasado simple): Deseo sobre una situación irreal presente.

  "I wish I could fly."

Expresiones Útiles con el Verbo "Take"

• Take something for granted: Tomar algo por sentado.
• Take it as it comes: Tomarlo como viene.
• Take it lying down: No dar bola a una crítica.
• Take it on the chin: Aceptar una situación difícil.
• Take it out on someone: Agarrársela con alguien.
• Take one's breath away: Quedarse sin aliento.
• Take someone to the cleaners: Dejar a alguien en la ruina / Estilo de penitencia.
• Take someone for a ride: Tomar el pelo.

Patrones Verbales: Gerundio e Infinitivo

• Verbos seguidos de gerundio (-ing): admit, avoid, be worth, can't help, can't stand, carry on, deny, enjoy, fancy, feel like, finish, give up, keep on, look forward to, imagine, involve, mind, miss, postpone, practise, recommend, regret, risk, spend, stop, suggest.
• Verbos seguidos de "to + infinitivo": afford, agree, appear, arrange, be able, can't wait, choose, decide, deserve, expect, happen, help, hesitate, hope, learn, make, manage, offer, plan, pretend, promise, refuse, seem, teach, tend, threaten, want, would like.
• Verbos seguidos de infinitivo (sin "to"): can, may, might, must, should, had better, would rather, make, let.